Oil and Non-Oil Economy of the UAE Essay Example for Free

Oil and Non-Oil Economy of the UAE EssayThe general dichotomization of the frugality of the United Arab Emirates is into the vegetable anele and non-oil spheres. While the aggregate output remains dependent on oil production, the United Arab Emirates is focusing on the development of its non-oil celestial sphere as part of its variegation plan. However, its ability to develop fully its non-oil sector depends on the act of its oil sector. One consideration is the relative contribution of the oil and non-oil sectors to the economy. The other consideration is the ability to the oil-sector to support the diversification plan in the non-oil sector. Abed and Hellyer (2001) explained that in 1998 the production of crude oil accounted for less than a quarter or 22 percent of gross domestic product. However, even if the contribution of crude oil production to aggregate output is less than a quarter, the impact of the sector on the economy is much bigger. Oil exports contributed 37 pe rcent of earnings in foreign exchange and 60 percent of public sector tax revenue. The oil sector contributes to the aggregate economy in four fronts, which are business investment, place income and consumption, public spending, and net exports.This substantiates the claim that the oil sector comprises the backbone of the UAE economy. Further growth occurred in the oil sector in 2006 with the Ministry of Information and Culture (2006) report that the oil and gas sector contributed 28 percent to aggregate output. Concurrently, there is also growth in the non-oil sector, particularly in manufacturing and financial sectors. The UAE Federal government activity (2008) further reported that oil and gas production experienced further growth by lend one third to gross domestic product.This is in general due to programs intending to optimize oil and gas production in the different emirates. At the same time, there is also solid growth in the non-oil sector. In the next years, the contri bution of the oil sector should stabilize at one third of the economy and the non-oil sector becoming a stronger contributor to sparing growth. This would leave behind the UAE to maximize returns from the oil and gas sector to boost growth in the non-oil sector. UAE Economic Developments to Achieve DiversificationThe United Arab Emirates is already on its way towards economic diversification. Although, the oil and gas sector remains as an important sector, the UAE has achieved developments in the non-oil sector. There are areas of economic developments that the UAE has to focus on to achieve diversification. Dunning (2005) identified the optimisation of pick base as a means of achieving diversification. The UAE has to hone the potential of its key resources to establish different industries. The country has already done this by endlessly developing its oil and gas sector.However, it also needs to optimize the resource base for the non-oil sector such(prenominal) as the develop ment of land through urban planning or the urbanization of peripheral lands to provide venues for manufacturing and services sectors or the maintenance of natural resources for tourism. Another economic development needed to support diversification encompasses structural changes. According to Shihab (2006), the economic structure needs to support the needs of the non-oil sector. One way of achieving this is influencing employment patterns to develop labor force for the non-oil sector.This means drop in humankind services such as education and health to ensure labor productivity. Muysken and Nour (2006) stressed on the deficiencies in the educational system and diminished level of skills of the labor force as areas for improvement if the UAE wants to succeed in diversifying its economy. Another way is the makeup of different industries to broaden the economic base and occasion employment. A third economic development is integration of infrastructure and companionable structures to support diversification.DeNicola (2005) explained that infrastructure developments are necessary to attract investments and create employment opportunities for non-oil industries. Shihab (2006) explained that social factors such as the development of a culture of consumerism and calm co-existence among local minorities and expatriates support growth in the non-oil sector. Justification for Diversifying the UAE Economy Imbs and Wacziarg (2003) explained that the overall justification for economic diversification is sustainable growth by spreading economic risk across different industries.Economies reliant on a single sector such as the reliance of the member countries of the Gulf Cooperating Council on the oil sector also face high risks in the long-term because oil is a non-renewable resource (Fasano Iqbal 2003). There are also specific reasons for the goal of the UAE for diversifying its economy. One is avoidance of the effect of the oil curse theory, which explains that depe ndency on oil has long-term nix effects on the economy.Oil exporting countries gain revenue by relying on price fluctuations in the global market alone, which does not require investments or efficiency that in turn precludes long-term development of economic capabilities or competencies. Revenue generated from oil is sufficient to support welfare services, placing focus on parceling instead of production. (HSBC Middle East 2003 DeNicola 2005) Another justification is the maximization of revenue generation through resource development. Diversification would enable an oil dependent economy such as the UAE to gain revenue from its other resources.Sole reliance on oil limits the revenue generating potential of the economy and hampers economic efficiency by idling resources. (Shihab 2006) Another related reason is resolving revenue volatility. Dependence on oil involves the downside of volatility in the long-term because oil is non-renewable, which means oil reserves will eventually ru n out in the future. Oil dependent countries need to develop other sources of revenue to ensure continuity of revenue generation even after oil reserves have dwindled. (Gylfason 2004) Still another justification is human development by creating employment opportunities for the young population.The UAE has a predominantly young population, which means a pool of intellectual and skill resource able to support the development of non-oil industries. Diversification enables the economy to develop its human resources to increase quality of life and sustain productivity. (HSBC Middle East, 2003 Muysken Nour 2006) Non-Oil Sector in Economic Diversification for Sustainable Economic Development The Ministry of Information and Culture (2006) explained that the non-oil sector contributed 72 percent of the GDP of the UAE.This reflects the potential of developing the non-oil sector to achieve economic diversification and ensure sustainable economic development. The non-oil sector comprises goods manufacturing and services, with the former contributing 57. 9 percent and the latter contributing 42. 1 percent to GDP from the non-oil sector. Industries under goods manufacturing are agriculture, livestock and fisheries, mining, manufacturing, construction, and electricity, gas and water. Industries under services include restaurants and hotels, transportation, memory board and communication, real estate and business, and social and private services.Diversification is already apparent in these various industries and there is still wide room for the development of these industries and the establishment of new industries. Hejmadi (2004) explained that development of the economic free zones were crucial to the development of different industries in goods manufacturing and services. These zones provided a venue and incentives for the flow of both domestic and foreign investments into respective(a) industries to create employment opportunities and contribute to the growth in aggreg ate output.Apart from the continuous development of these industries, a potential industry for diversification in the non-oil sector is tourism. Sharpley (2002) explained that tourism is becoming a ubiquitous means of achieving economic diversification for many countries seeking to secure long-term economic growth. Tourism fits the resource approach path to sustainable growth since the UAE has many tourism destinations to attract tourists and its cultural openness also comprise an impetus for foreign tourists.Blanke and Mia (2006) reported that travel and tourism already exist as an industry in the UAE and contributing 1. 1 percent to GDP. There is wide potential for development. However, there are challenges to tourism development requiring investments in destination development and promotions (Sharpley, 2002 Henderson 2006)ReferencesAbed, I. Hellyer, P. (Eds. ), 2001. United Arab Emirates a new perspective. London Trident Press Ltd. Blanke, J. Mia, I. , 2006. Chapter 22 assessi ng travel tourism competitiveness in the Arab world.Online Available at http//www. weforum. org/pdf/Global_Competitiveness_Reports/Reports/chapters/2_2. pdf Accessed 25 January 2009 DeNicola, C. , 2005. Dubais political and economic development an oasis in the desert?. Williamstown, MA Williams College. Dunning, T. , 2005. Resource dependence, economic performance, and political stability. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 49(4), pp. 451-482. Fasano, U. Iqbal, Z. , 2003. GCC countries from oil dependence to diversification. Washington, DC International Monetary Fund.

The Validity of the Developmental Theories Essay Example for Free

The Validity of the Developmental Theories EssayIntroduction Human nature and its varying and complex behaviors fascinate almost every wizard. Although not each(prenominal) are inclined to be able to understand and explicate the details of individual personalities those who do find themselves in confusion some times wherefore some people do things that are at times difficult to comprehend. However, the science of humankind behavior has indeed helped facilitate thus far, an appreciation of human conduct and its nature at various lengths through the theories of human cultivation by prominent theorists (P push-down stacknik, 1996). This paper attempts validate their works by citing the researchers own personal timeline and/or emergence. For a proper and organized treatment of this paper, it result answer the following problem statementsWhat are the descriptions of Freud (psychosexual), Erikson (psychosocial), and Pi periodts (Cognitive) shows for childhood and puerile yea rs of development?Are developmental theories applicable to real-life and if so, based on your personal timeline, how (and if not, how not)?DiscussionWhat are the descriptions of Freud (psychosexual), Erikson (psychosocial), and Piagets (Cognitive) shows for childhood and adolescent years of development? Development does not end once a person reaches maturity, but continues through issue life. Developmental psychologists seek to describe ad analyze the regularities of human development across the entire life span. It focuses primarily on these aspects of development that make us similar to one another (Atkinson et al., 1993). Sigmund Freud hypothesized that each of us goes through basketball team psychosexual stages. These are five different developmental periods oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages during which the individual seeks pleasure from different areas of the body associated with sexual feelings. Freud emphasized that the childs outset five years are the mo st important to social and personality development (Atkinson et al, 1993). The stages of oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital stages are controversial and highly debatable concepts which Freud originated.Freud pointed out that satisfying one of the childs postulate becomes a source of potential conflict between the child, who wants immediate gratification, and the parent, who places restrictions on when, where, and how the childs needs should be satisfied. Freud believed that interactions between parent and child in satisfying these psychosexual needs for example, during breastfeeding or toilet training greatly enamour the childs social development and future social interactions. Freuds psychosexual stages are part of his larger psychoanalytic theory of personality (Hilgard et al., 1983, Atkinson, 1993). Secondly, the psychosocial stage of development is scoop out explained through the theory developed by Erik Erikson. According to Erik Erikson, a child will encounter diffe rent kinds of problems in infancy and childhood, which will shape ones social and personality development. Erikson gave eight psychosocial stages. A child according to Erikson will encounter a particular psychosocial problem at each stage.If he successfully resolves the problem, he will develop a good social trait that will help him/her solve the next problem. If he/she is unsuccessful, he/she will develop a bad social trait that will hinder his or her solving a new problem at the next stage (Atkinson, 1993). His stages include Trust versus mistrust, Autonomy versus Shame doubt, Initiative versus guilt, Industry versus Inferiority, Identity versus Confusion, Intimacy versus Isolation, Generativity versus Stagnation, Integrity versus Despair, comprise each of the description of the periods and the potential problems that may swot during each of the particular period (Halonen Santrock, 1996). Piagets theory of cognitive development refers to how a person perceives, thinks, and gain s an understanding of his or her world through the interaction and influence of genetic and learning factors.He has identified the cognitive stages and refers to four different stages sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages each of which is more advanced than the preceding stage because it involves new reasoning and thinking abilities (Piaget, 1963 Hurlock, 1964). Piagets work led to the current view that children are actively involved in their own cognitive development. By active involvement, Piaget meant that children are constantly striving to understand what they encounter, and in such encounters, they form their own guesses or hypotheses about how the world works (Hurlock, 1964).Are developmental theories applicable to real-life and if so, based on your personal timeline, how (and if not, how not)? This paper just briefly introduced three differing explanations of certain aspects of human development and these were the currently accep ted theoretical perspectives of human-behavior development. Relating these with the agents personal development, yes, I could say that the developmental theories are in most cases applicable. Looking at my personal timeline, the observations and generalizations made by Freud, where the struggles in afterward years such as getting married at an earlier age, joining the army etc., were concerned, many of his concepts had pointedly identified those that are linked with during the in advance of time years of my development as compared to Freuds five psychosexual stages.Terms like fixation and those that may necessitate something to do with his conceptualization of instincts helped me understand many of my personal confusions regarding certain inner/internal struggles in my life (Halonen Santrock, 1996). In addition, Eriksons description of the psychosocial stages where these are best illustrated during the adolescent years such as identity versus confusion, remembering those caref ree years and the subsequent important transition and decision making abilities that need be developed helped me relate a lot to many of my adventures and misadventures as a youth, His apt and keen analysis of these stages helped me then and makes me feel at ease concerning the anticipated times or periods of years ahead (Atkinson et al., 1993 Hurlock, 1964). In addition, Piagets poignant attention to childrens cognitive development helped me realize why I was so interested in peewee grappling iron at such a tender young age. It is always worthwhile to spend ample time thinking and studying the many-faceted dimensions of human persona, from physical to cognitive and psychological areas among others. It has contributed a lot to my personal understanding of self-awareness and the development of the consciousness and sensitivity of what other humans like me are going through. It caters to a deeper understanding as well as acceptance of peoples frailties, and also their strengths. Freu d, Piaget and Eriksons theories indeed were validated basing on my personal timeline/story no enquire that these three theories are almost forever cemented as classics in the understanding and predicting of human behavior.ReferenceAtkinson, R.L., R.C. Atkinson, E.E. Smith, D.J. Bem, and S. Nolen-Hoeksema. 1993. Introduction to psychology. Orlando, FL Harcourt Brace and Company.Halonen, J.S. and J.W. Santrock (1996). Psychology Contexts of behavior, Dubuque, IA Brown and Benchmark, p.810.Hilgard, E.R., R.R. Atkinson, and R.C. Atkinson, (1979)1983. Introduction to psychology.7th Ed. new(a) York Harcourt brace Jovanich, Inc.Hurlock, E.B. 1964. Child Development. New York Mc Graw-Hill Book Company.Piaget, J. 1963. The conception of reality in the child. New York Ballantine Books.Plotnik, R. 1996. Introduction to psychology. 4th ed. Pacific Grove, California 93950 Brooks/ dinero Publishing Company.AppendixMAJOR POINTS ON MY PERSONAL TIMELINE-Birth date is April 28, 1983-start walking a t 14 months-Travel to Costa Rica with Grandparents at age 40-start peewee wrestle at age 8- alumna from junior high at age14/ enter high rail-Got license and buy own car at age 16-graduated high school at age 18/start college -Joined the army National Guard at age 19-got married/have first child at age 21-Deployed to Iraq at age 23- have twins at age 23POSSIBLE FUTURE OUTCOMES (age stand for is my possible age) Graduate and become nurse by age 27-move to new city by age 30-daughter start high school at age 35-twins start high school at age 38-daughter graduates high school/starts college at age 39-Twins graduate high school/start college at age 42-daughter gets married at age 45-first grandchild at age 48

China Returns to Africa Essay Example for Free

chinaware Returns to Africa EssayThe phonograph recording china Returns to Africa A Superpower and a Continent Embrace provides in-depth account of Chinese-African relations. The central claim of the go for is that geopolitical relations between Africa and China has provoked international interests as China remains one of the most promising and powerful states in the world. The editors convey assembled 24 essays by academics that possess exceptional knowledge with the purpose to shed light on the unexpected Chinese-African operations.The chapters address diverse subjects as, for example, social influence of Chinese Diaspora in Africa, the history of Tanzanian railway, the history of Chinese medicine, the progress of Beijing in buying oil and natural resources, the breadth of African continent, etc. The book presents a balanced impressive study of the most of the essence(predicate) developments in the modern worlds, as Chinese-African relations will affect economics and pol itics of completely countries. In 2006 China celebrated a new strategic confederacy.The interest of China in African continent has raised a number of debates as researches found it interesting to reveal what China expects from Africa. However, academic and development policy circles neglect countrys re-engagement with the African continent. In contrast to Europe and America, China treats Africa equally, not as indifferent country. With the help of China Africa is viewed to be able to establish business deal with Western countries. In the late 1960s China made a decisive ideological thrust into the African continent and was humiliated for that by the rest of the worlds powerful countries and Africa itself.The painful run into of Maos men prevented further relations with Africa for ab reveal 40 years. The economic wreck was contributed to Chinas disastrous experiments with socialism. A new impact of Africa began in the past 15 years. New effort appeared to be more pragmatic and w as driven mainly by a quest for new push sources and new raw materials. Economic invasion was backed up by countrys huge wealth and, therefore, its implication was more likely to be far-reaching than the last Maoist adventure.Western powers were prompted to corresponding alarm as they were unaware what to expect from Chinese-African relations. The book notes that more than 800 Chinese companies have invested more than ? 5 one thousand million in economic development of African countries and there is more to come. The editors admit in introduction that Chinas expanding relations with Africa are the most important dynamic in the foreign relations and politics of the continent since the end of the cold war. (Alden et al., 2008, ii) In particular, China offers African continent three things money, long-term commitment and assurance of non-inference. Money offered accounted for larger sums that offered by western competitors and assurance of non-inference means that human rights wont be troubled by Chinese lifestyle in contrast to European and American countries to impose their beliefs and policies within the continent. Thus, local dignitaries of African continent will remain original. Further, one of the chapters addresses the important of media in Chinese-African relations as media is the fourth power in the world.It is noted that Chinese media presents future of Chinese-African relations in different way from that of western reports and prophesies. Chinese partnership has expanded in Senegal, Mauritius and Cape Verde. Chinese traders are restoring the infrastructure in Angola. China buys cobalt from Congo and South Africa feed from Ethiopia, Tanzania and Sudan copper from South Africa and Zambia chemicals from Nigeria ferrous metals from Zimbabwe and oil from everywhere. Angola has become Chinas biggest supplier.The authors assess the costs and benefits of Chinas re-engagement into African continent. On the one side, the prices are boosted by the increased c ontention for commodities. The West seems to be troubled about the Chinese imperialism because many of the trade practices have been commonplace among the European and American companies. Many countries simply tended to get out of Africa without investing in it. In contrast, China offers new scope of economic relations through equal treatment.Nevertheless, the poorest people in Africa would hardly benefit from Chinese-African relations as reliance on capital-intensive commodity industries is not effective way to fight poverty. The problem is that Chinese money goes into the pockets of Africas elites and into Swiss banks. The editors cite a spokesman of the Kenyan government who implores You never hear the Chinese saying that they will not finish a project because the government has not done luxuriant to tackle corruption. If they are going to build a road, it will be built.(Alden et al. , 2008, 23) Some authors are more skeptic about the future of the Chinese-African relations. Th ey argue that with years the issue of governance cant be escaped as governance is the pre-condition of stable economic relationships and economic development. China is argued to suffer from miss of spiritual dimension in the countries practicing Christianity, Islam and other indigenous systems of beliefs. Overall, the book is very informative presenting multiple perspectives on development of Chinese-African relations.The authors offer far-reaching surveys of Chinas top to the African continent. The new relations are assumed to hold for diplomacy, trade and further development. The authors are surely correct in their efforts to refuse taking in high spirits morale line about what China is willing to get from Africa. The positive is that China tends to treat Africa as equal partner, whereas Europe treated Africa as inferior state. Africa should be provided with more respect, the country should be provided with opportunity to decide what it wants and what it doesnt want.With China, Africa may be able to strengthen its economic and political position in the world. Nevertheless, the negative is that China may tend to impose its own beliefs and governance similar to European countries. Development of Chinese-African relations depends fully on countrys abilities to cooperate. BIBLIOGRAPHY Alden, Chr. , Large, D. , de Oliviera, R. , ed. China Returns to Africa A Superpower and a Continent Embrace. USA Hurst Co Publishers LTD, 2008.

Packet Scheduling Algorithms Literature

Packet Scheduling Algorithms literatureAbstract- This paper discusses twain selected research papers that proposes dickens different packet computer programing algorithms that focuses on promoting higher by means ofput and fairness. The two algorithms argon Modified Packet Prediction Mechanism algorithm which is a revised version of the current packet prediction mechanism algorithm and the back is prioritized fairness packet Scheduling algorithm.Chapter 1 Introduction alert communication has come a capacious way and has been through multiple gene proportionalityns. Starting from a mere runny tuner teleph angiotensin-converting enzyme use in the old ages to s quiting text backsided messages and now fourth generation long full bourn evolution supporting devices which ar capable of streaming high bit position videos, providing us with richer content and more alliances at faster set just from our handy lively devices. farsighted term evolution structure adequately utiliz es the assets by dynamically computer programming the frequency and the time space of exploiters. And that is possible through long term evolution d give connective scheduling which is accountable for the allotment of radio imagings mutually throughout mobile devices. Implementing packet scheduling is crucial as it effects the performance by assigning radio resourcefulnesss suitably.1.1 Problem StatementAs the usage of mobile information, online mobile gaming, video streaming and other online applications started to grow, the delivery of packets, entropy transmittance and quicken has to be improved. While this is possible through the introduction of long term evolution, the quality and capability to has to be improvised by achieving high throughput connectivity which equates to successful info transmission and also fairness, for improving the distri unlession of the intercommunicate. Implementing a downlink scheduling algorithm is sensitive as if takes into effect the thr oughput, fairness, enumerate conditioning and so on. Among them, each has its own perks and features but newly or modified algorithm are creation proposed and implemented periodically. As such, the modified packet prediction mechanism algorithm is proposed in order that through simulation has proved to perform better in terms of throughput and fairness. Also submitted is the prioritized fairness packet scheduling algorithm with the improvements in.Chapter 2 Literature Review2.1 Mobile net profitDuring the earlier decades, facilitating limited services like voice call is the main focus in developing mobile engagements. additional services like rook message service was introduced by Global governing body for Mobile dialogue. The craving of exploiter in use mobile meshwork is the main motivation in development of global Mobile telecommunication System, Enhanced Data pass judgment for Global System for Mobile Communication ontogenesis known as EDGE and finally, General Pac ket receiving set service.In 1980, the first-generation analog cadreular engineering science Advanced Mobile Ph whiz swear out in short form known as AMPS were introduced. Advanced Mobile Phone Service uses distinct valleculas or frequencies for every Frequency piece octuple Access. Therefore, it cause Advanced Mobile Phone Service necessary huge bandwidth for a higher number of consumer.Second Generation offers digitally encrypted voice selective information and effective usage of available bandwidth. Short message service was introduced in this generation as a form of entropy services. Global System for Mobile Communication boothular technology is the foundation for other basis cellular networks. footing Transceiver station controls the cells in Global System for Mobile communication. Mobile seat is universeness served by each Global System for Mobile Communication cell while Base Station restrainer monitors a number of Base Transceiver station.Global System for Mo bile Communication network is categorized into four basic sub system which is Mobile Station, Base Station Subsystem, middle Network and External Network. Mobile Station consist of Security Information Management and terminal equipment. Base Station Subsystem consist Base Transceiver station, and Base Station Controller. Providing radio access and incumbrance Network connection to Mobile Station is the main function of Base Station Subsystem. Core Network consist of Mobile shimmy Station, Visitor Location Register, Home Location Register, Au then(prenominal)tication Center and Operation and Maintenance Center. Main role of core network is to leave alone billing, transport functions, mobility management, user database such as user attitude and information about user and so on. External Network is where user apprize connect such as Public Switched Telephone Network or any other Global System for Mobile communication network.Circuit switching is use for communication in Global Sy stem for Mobile Communication networks. drug user start to demand for high data rates when mobile evolves. Therefore, General Packet Radio Services was introduced. General Packet Radio Services offers new services like web browsing provides packet switching hence increase data rates up to 114 kilobits per second. Enhanced Data rates for Global System for Mobile Communication Evolution is evolution of Global System for Mobile Communication subsequently General Packet Radio Services where provides data rate up to 384 kilobits per second. Shifting the modulation of Global System for Mobile Communication from GPSK to 8PSK is the debate of this achievement. engineering scienceModulationSwitching MethodAccess SchemeData Rate (kbps)ServicesGlobal System for Mobile CommunicationGMSKCircuit SwitchingTDMA/FDD9.6 to 14.4Voice, short message service.General Packet Radio ServicesGMSKPacket SwitchingTDMA/FDD115Voice, short message service, Web BrowsingEnhanced Data rates for Global System for Mobile Communication EvolutionGMSK, 8PSKPacket SwitchingTDMA.FDD384Voice, short message service, web BrowsingGlobal System for Mobile Communication overviewThird Generation Partnership Project develop and maintain Universal Mobile Telecommunication System. Providing new services with better quality of services, better apparitional efficiency and increasing data rates was the main aim in the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System development. Wideband Code divergence manifold Access is utilise as an access in Universal Mobile Telecommunication System. Bandwidth of 5 megahertz is used for downlink and uplink traffic. Universal Mobile Telecommunication System Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) is the radio access in Universal Mobile Telecommunication System which consist Radio Network Controller (RNC) and many base stations which known as NodeB. Both circuit and packet switching method is supported in Universal Mobile Telecommunication System. Packet switching is mainly fo r data services like file transfer, web services while circuit switching is for voice traffic. High loafernonball along Downlink Packet Access known as HSDPA and High Speed Uplink Packet Access in short form known as HSUPA is the evolution of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System. This Evolution focused in reducing latency, increasing system capacity and data rates. High Speed Downlink Packet Access increases downlink data rates up to 14 Mbps while High Speed Uplink Packet Access increases uplink data rates up to 5.76 Mbps.TechnologyModulationData rankTTI TimeLatency msAdvancementsUniversal Mobile Telecommunication SystemBPSK384 kilobits per second downlink128 kilobits per second uplink10 ms150Scheduling performed by Radio Network ControllerHigh Speed Downlink Packet AccessHigh Speed Uplink Packet AccessQPSK,16 QAM, 64 QAM QPSK14.4 megabits per second in downlink5.76 megabits per second in uplink2 ms2 ms, 10 ms deoxycytidine monophosphate100AMC,HARQ, Scheduling at NodeB, MIMO HARQ, Scheduling at NodeBThird Generation overview2.2 coherent condition Evolution IntroductionThe idea of Long enclosure Evolution was superiorly developed due to the gather up of a technology which is possible to support IP based mobile technology hence, through this, providing features same as broadband connection. The difference among third base generation and Long Term Evolution is that third generation is supports both packet and circuit switched while long term evolution supports packet switched and IP based services. Long Term Evolution need to have certain requirements in order to fulfill its goals such as able to provide data rates up to 50 megabits per second for uplink and 100 megabits per second for downlink, higher capacity of need to be provided compare to High Speed Downlink Packet Access, supporting multiple frequency bands, operation need to be cost effective and so on.2.3 Architecture of Long Term EvolutionFour main domains are being used in the architectu re of Long Term Evolution which is UE (User Equipment), E-UTRAN (Evolved Utran), EPC (Evolved Packet Core Network) and finally, services. A diagram is illustrated below to show how this four domains are being used in LTE architecture.LTEArchitecture2.3.1 UE (User Equipment)Device that are being used for communication purpose by end user are called user equipment. Each device has a unique identity module called Universal Subscriber Identity Module. The module being used for identification process, authorization and security for radio transmission. Moreover, the user equipment has other functions as well, such as for an instance mobility management, UI (User Interface) between end users, but mainly it provides communication platform and communication link which can be set up, maintained or removed(p) depending on the user need.2.3.2 E-UTRAN (Evolved Utran)Evolved NodeB also known as eNodeB is the only existing node in Evolved UTRAN. Radio related activities in the LTE system are bein g performed through a radio base station located within the network through this evolved NodeB. Besides that, a path is created from the User Equipment to Evolved Packet Core Network with the help of evolved NodeB. Through this, data passing can be do within the ratio connection and IP based Evolved Packet Core Network network connections and evolved NodeB becomes a transmission point to various radio protocols pointing towards the User Equipment. After the data is relayed, Evolve Packet Core Network then performs functions such as ciphering and deciphering to the UP data. In details, activities related to managing radio resource including allocation of the resources based upon on prioritization and traffic scheduling depending on the timber of Service requirements are also one of the responsibility held by evolved NodeB.Besides that, evolved NodeB is also held responsible for the management of mobility which includes activities such as analyzing radio signal measurements performe d by the User Equipment and comes up with same measurements as well. Furthermore, evolve NodeB also handles a new users request for a new connection, the evolved NodeB willing route the request to mobility management entity employ the previous User Equipment that was connected earlier and if on that point isnt any information regarding the routing then a new mobility management entity will be selected. The User Equipment can only be connected to one evolved NodeB where else the evolved NodeB is expected to support multiple users. The handover process can be only done if an evolved NodeB is connected to its neighbor, which is another(prenominal) evolved NodeB. A User Equipment can be only assigned with one mobility management entity and serving introduction but multiple mobility management entity and serving gateway can be connected a certain evolved NodeB.2.3.3 EPC (Evolved Packet Core)Evolved Packet Core uses different kinds of elements to operate. The elements are Mobility Man agement Entity (MME), Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW), destiny Gateway (S-GW) and Policy and Charging Resource Function (PCRF). Mobility management entity is the core of evolved packet core. A direct connection is established with user equipment through mobility management entity and this connection will become the main control channel for the user equipment and network. There are many activities conducted by the mobility management entity such as, authentication of the user equipment. imprimatur is provided by the mobility management entity as the user equipment is being newly registered to a network. Other activities such as tracking the available user equipment in a certain area is considered to be the main function for mobility management entity and so on.Responsibility of a serving gateway is resources management and provide resource put across from mobile management entity and so on. In details, the request comes from user equipment due to modification of bearers and so on. Besides that, information passing is also done through the serving gateway which occurs among packet data network gateway and evolved NodeB. Another element that is being used is packet data network gateway. This element is being used mainly for IP allocation to the user equipment. Moreover, bearer switching is done at this element when the user equipment transferred at one serving gateway to another serving gateway at different area. Lastly, the policy and charging resource function takes the decision regarding service handling according to the quality of service.2.3.4 Services A variation of services can be done such as operator services and so on. In order to run the services smoothly many sub systems are needed, plus logical nodes as well.2.4 Long Term Evolution Access SchemeThe access schemes are used in long term evolution can be divided into three different types which is orthogonal frequency division multiple access, single carrier frequency division multiple access and finally, multiple input and output. Each of these scheme has a certain functions and responsibility to follow.2.4.1 OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division triune Accesses)This scheme is used in downlink in the long term evolution. This scheme was originally modified from Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing. The difference between the modified version and original version is that, orthogonal frequency division multiple accesses allows multiple users by allocating subcarriers dynamically to a variety of users while in the original version, a signal will be divided into a number of band channels which are orthogonal to one and another and consist of different frequencies. Orthogonal frequency division multiple access is used for many reasons, one of it is compatibility. This scheme is compatible with many kind of recently developed antennas and receivers. Moreover, efficiency is another reason this scheme is chosen. Efficiency in handling many bandwidths, performance including s pectral can be achieved through this scheme.Originally, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing was created in the mid-fifties but was not popular back then due to greatest number of systems were running on analog technology during that time which made the slaying of this scheme hard and less effective. As the era grew, the use of these scheme has increased as it was much more affordable and implementable as well for the end user due to growth of digital technologies.2.4.2 SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access)As mentioned above, the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is only being used for downlink in long term evolution where else for uplink the Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access will be used. This is because of multiple carrier which is being utilized in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing leading it to be less efficient especially when it comes to power consumption as power will be a serious issue in mobile devices. This prob lem can be avoided by the use of Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access for the uplink process. Advantages of this scheme is that it will be much more robust in contrast to multi path and hence, a low peak ranging to median(a) out is being provided.2.4.3 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Out)The Multiple Input Multiple Out scheme can be implemented in both downlink and uplink in long term evolution. A high data rate can be accomplished by exploitation both Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access and Multiple Input Multiple Out as diverse subcarriers will be cast-off. Furthermore, spatial multiplexing meaning that the use of many antennas for transferring diverse data streams and signal processing on the data streams leading to an increase in the data rate is also being done in this scheme. Besides that, so far additional functionality such as transmit diversity meaning that relaying the equal signals but originated from different antennas and finally, beam forming a s well can be performed in this scheme.2.5 PRB (Physical Resource Block)According to the base station scheduler, a resource block will be dispersed to the user equipment. This portion is to be considered as the smallest allocation. Moreover, depending on the bandwidth and number of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access symbols, resource grid will be created in the downlink transmission. A sole subcarrier will be symbolized in each box of the grid and called as resource element and hence automatically representing a symbol. Not only will the user data be stored in the resource grid but also advert signal as well.Resource BlockResource block which is subtypes of a resource element in Long Term Evolution network. A resource block consists many channels and different types of data flows are transferred in Long Term Evolution network. The Long Term Evolution network does not have any standard scheduling method. There are different types of method is exists in scheduling but it b ased on the researcher.One of the command method that been used in scheduling mechanism in Long Term Evaluation is Dynamic scheduling that used for providing persona of service and efficiency. Dynamic scheduling is used in downlink scheduling. The purpose of the dynamic scheduling is to control the channel of whatever of the sign indicated.Evolved NodeB is taken the main role in downlink scheduling. As mention earlier the function has been explaining in additionally Evolved NodeB is one of the import cistron for performing scheduling. Evolved NodeB is performing scheduling mechanism in Long Term Evolution network for downlink scheduling mechanism and it managed resource block in the resource elements. Nowadays many users are forwarded toward to the technology so that there were required Quality of Service to the specific application its main reason why scheduling is needed. In Long Term Evolution network have a combination of multiple single cells is connected. The user interacti on is connected to the Evolved NodeB with single cell but user equipment is contained N number of members.During the process of uplink scheduling, some packet or data may be lost, one of the reason is a discipline in the parameter. The delay queue packet is grouped into a single logical channel and downlink scheduling of evolved NodeB is also holding yellowish brown. In the downlink scheduling, each buffer is related to the user equipment and the user equipment is connected to the evolved NodeB. The evolved NodeB has broadcast the specific data traffic of loaded queue. The main reason of scheduling is to increase the performance of throughput and fairness. And edit out packet loss. Scheduling algorithms for evolved NodeB is not standardized but it based on the used Quality of Service of a user network provider or service provider is synopsis the problem and identify new algorithms and solve the user problem. There different type of scheduling method exists in downlink scheduling .Although there are many algorithms had been discovered in the past up to now fair scheduling and opportunistic scheduling is widely been used. rootagely, the Fair Scheduling scheme is one of the algorithm that been used for downlink scheduling it can give least data rate to every user and reduced the inertness. Fair Scheduling scheme is used in legitimate time application for example video conference and voice over IP. Fair Scheduling scheme is functioned as least required information rate all the more successfully. Most of the scheduling algorithms are based on these key factor. Secondly Opportunistic Scheduling schema is another scheduling scheme is commonly been used in LTE networks. The Opportunistic Scheduling schema is explained that due to multiple users multiple users scattered around different location number of channel each user gets may vary.Users can experiences better productivity to correct setting of frequency and time. Multi-user can cause the problem to mobile r adio channel because different user come from the various environment and they connected with each other. By utilizing multi-client differing qualities system, this radio channel trademark can be used for giving better information rates. The network provider must choose better dynamic scheduling which is included in downlink scheduling. By using the best dynamic scheduling the user can experience better performance in throughput based on the channel it can be done based on the specific spectrum. Therefore, Opportunistic Scheduling schema also have some drawbacks. The Opportunistic Scheduling scheme is not able to provide the better quality of service to the user and subsequently providing poor performance on fairness to the client. This is the reason why the multiple users are cannot transmit the data to their specific client and also another reason is their channels is not good enough.2.6 Quality of Services in LTEAs years pass by the demand for mobile usage has grown exponentially the people now are capable doing a wonderful thing through their smartphone. The advancement of technology has opened up many new applications and uses. This is the reason why people is demanding quality of service to the network provider. The Quality of Service two also deals with real time application such as voice over IP. Then it also deals with the large scale of the networks. In the long term Evaluation network channel is the mediator for the user equipment and evolved NodeB. In the Long Term Evolution network, there has logical prohibition connection between two endpoints.During the data transmission between the user equipment and packet data network gateway has virtual have Transmission Control Protocol connection-oriented connection. During the data transmission between the two endpoint data link layer is involved in transporting the Quality of Services to the user. The Quality of Services can be divided into multiple traits which are bit rate, delay, and reliability. Dif ferent type of barrier is producing different kind of result for Quality of Services such as these two types of radio channel, for an example using Lee and Ali, where Lee is capable of enduring a larger packet loss and very low latency but Ali do not pull off regarding the low latency and hence, he is willing to receive the low latency. This example requires the two radio channel and each radio channel is configured with some packet loss and low latency based on the Quality of Service as requested by the user.There are two types of barrier in the Quality of Services in Long Term Evolution network. What is the minimum guaranteed bit rate barrier and non-guaranteed bit rate barrier? negligible guaranteed bit rate barrier is real time application and it uses least number of information rate that should be ensured. An example of minimum guaranteed bit rate barrier is that the voice over IP, videoconference, stream gaming, streaming video and video call. Non-guaranteed bit rate barrier are used in application but it does not require specific type of bit rate. For the non-guaranteed bit rate is not specific so the bandwidth has to be set for the networks. An example for the non-guaranteed bit rate is file transfer, games and web searching, which is also known as a non-real-time application.The Quality of Services of a class identifier is represented each of the mobile network barriers which analysis by a Quality of Service characteristics. The Quality of Service of disunite Identifier is possible to be divided into a standardized factor which is delay, loss rate and antecedence. The Quality of Service of the melodic phrase Quality indicant is divided into 9 Quality of Service of Class Identifier characteristics. Below the table shows the Quality of Service of Class Identifier characteristic with the attributes shown.2.7 Radio Resource ManagementTherefore, in the Long Term Evolution network, architecture consist of only one node that is evolved NodeB which is i ntermediate between the user and the main network. Radio resource management is performing is the function on evolved NodeB. Radio resource management performing First In First Out queue method for packet scheduling. Radio resource management also interacts with downlink scheduling for packet delivery. However, the radio resource management is work with dribble Quality Indicator, transmission time travel and media access control address.2.8 Scheduling mechanism in LTEIn the Long Term Evolution network, multiple user interactions are the main function. Then, Long Term Evolution network data and packet are transferred among multiple users based on the user requirement and Quality of Service. In additionally, downlink scheduling is used metric for transmitting the data and packet. Metric is the method of calculation which priority for the resource block. The calculation is based on the data flow and the resource allocation.2.8.1 Round robin schedulingRound Robin scheduling is mainly b ased on time quota. Each process is handled and amused fairly. Round robin algorithm does not rely on the priority of each labour. Round Robin algorithm is easier to implement, simpler to handler and starvation free. Each task is given a time quantum. Each process or task is terminated once the allocated time quantum expires. Round robin produces maximum minimum fairness. If the sizing of each packet of data equally distributes, then packet that queued longer in the waiting queue is given priority. This is not applicable for data in different sizes. Implementation of round robin algorithm results in poor throughput. This is because round robin algorithm do not consider the change Quality Indicator. This causes the performance of throughput drop significantly as its the quantity of bits need to be delivered is not rely with the instantaneous downlink signal to noise ratio. Round Robin is one of the mostly used algorithm in packet scheduling in most systems.Round Robin Scheduling Flow Chart 2.8.2 high hat Channel Quality IndicatorFrom the name itself we knew that this algorithm chooses the topper Channel Quality Indicator. This algorithm is primarily used to allocate resource blocks with the good radio link environments to the user. Resource block that been appointed by the algorithm comes with the highest Channel Quality Indicator in the resource block compared to other blocks. The Channel Quality Indicator will be transmitted to base station. Base station will perform the Best channel Quality Indicator. Base station will transmits the reference downlink pilot (signal) to the terminal. These downlink pilot will be utilized by the user equipment for the calculation of the Channel Quality Indicator.The higher the value of Channel Quality Indicator, the Best Channel Quality Indicator it is. The Channel Quality Indicator is a 5 bit information which ranges from 0 to 30. Terminals that located far off from the base station most unlikely will be scheduled. The C hannel Quality Indicator depends on the terminals distance. The nearer it is, the higher the Channel Quality Indicator. Since this Best Channel Quality Indicator chooses the nearest terminals, it causes starvation for the other users. When comes to the throughput, the Best Channel Quality algorithm performs well. Its performance in term of fairness is really poor.Best Channel Quality Indicators Flow Chart2.8.3 Proportional Fair SchedulingProportional Fair is one of the famous algorithm used in scheduling mechanism. Proportional fair scheduling produces high fairness and throughput. User with the maximum priority is given the resources after the calculation of channel condition. User with fewer priority is followed then after the first one. The main focus of the Proportional Fair scheduling algorithm is to support the non-real time services in Code Division Multiple Access High Data Rate. If the scheduler allocates higher number of resources for a particular user rather than channel quality, then the Proportional Fair scheduling mechanism will be affected. Each data flow is given scheduling priority which is indirectly proportional with the estimated resource allocation. This results in maximum cell throughput and satisfactory fairness. When come to freeness, Proportional Fairness scheduling works better than Best Channel Quality Indicator and Round Robin. Although Proportional Fairness is better, yet it still not able to complete due to some expectations. For example, if the user become nearer to the evolve NodeB from a long distance, the sound to noise ratio will be increasing gradually (signal shadowing is ignored). Thus, the users original sound to noise ratio will always will be above the average rate.There is possibilities where user can be frequently scheduled. If the user moves farther than the evolve NodeB, then the sound to noise ratio will be lesser than average. It may causes the user to starve.2.8.4 Modified Largest Weighted suss out FirstLargest Weighted Delay First algorithm is proposed packets with error rate and different delays Largest Weighted Delay First algorithm

HMV PESTLE and SWOT Analysis

HMV PESTLE and SWOT Analysis1.0 Executive summaryHMV root word a U.K giant pastime phoner is one of the struggling firms that eventually succumbed to closure of its business operation in 2013.This report go out explore the HMV community visibleness, genuine financial, positioning in the commercialiseplace, current business model, competitive positioning and HMV target commercialise.Why the communitys gross sales figure shit dropped and how the company got into financial crisis that led to its closure in 2013. This report draws attention to the fact that in 1960s, HMV has a strong brand HMV is a major retailer that specialises in practice of medicine, pictorial matter, games and technology products, the organisation has been a top dog in the entertainment industry for many forms now, prior to the rapidly evolution of technology advancement, which had bunkd(p) and is s trough touching the wider consumer behaviour in regarding to how unison, film, games and technology products are being purchased by the consumers.With the rapid shifting of consumers onto online symphony / movie streaming distribution sites such as iTunes, Amazon, Netflix and so on, where does HMV fit in or how does HMV sustain in the current entertainment or harmony distribution market which is bluely proficient advancing and hyper competitive. It is therefore recommend that HMV of necessity to invest more in technologies to compete in the industry.2.0 Company profileHMV Retail limited is U.K leading music and Entertainment Company, founded in 1921 on the street of Oxford in London. The success slip bys with the expansion and creation of the retail branch of the business from 1960s with e actuallywhere 239 stores in UK and Ireland and employing everyplace 5000 staff before the closure of its business operation in 2013.Since HMV is been in operation it has made music and entertainment gettable to its nodes in every do imaginable from sheet music and the earliest gramop hone 78s to straightaways digital downloads http//www.hmv.ie/about-usIn 1986 HMV Group is formed and the retailer looks to expand and dedicate stores in Ireland and In 1999 HMV media launched an an e-commerce site.In 2002 HMV media went public on London Stock Exchange and changed its name to HMV Group.HMV baffle competition from different competitors in the industry such as iTunes, Amazon supermarkets and others in the industry and with increase in illegal download it was necessary to invest in online business.In 2008 HMV launched its social network Get immediate which allowed users to import their own music library in a bid to rival online music stores iTunes and Napster www.retail-week.com/hmv-timeline but prove unsuccessful and was closed in kinfolk 2009.. The business also piloted its refreshed Pure Play loyalty scheme. HMV fail to respond quickly and compete against online music stores and the increase in illegal downloads the company suspend its overlaps in January 2012 and months later in April HMV is bought by Hilco for 50 million and takes over the remaining 141 storesIn January 2013 HMV went into administration with over 230 stores closed in UK and Ireland and over 4,000 jobs staff losing their job two months later a new HMV emerge under the new ownership of Hilco.Today HMV trades from over 120 stores in the UK and firm rebuilding its front man in Ireland, an updated product mix, refreshed stores and new digital services together with a commitment to bring customers more exclusive in-stores and experience than ever seen HMV regain its rightful place at the home of entertainment. www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/hmv-closes-historic-oxford-street-store-9056780.htmlThe current key executives of HMV are Trevor Moore (CEO) and Ian P Kenyon (Finance Director) http//www.bloomberg.com/quote/HMVLN/profile2.1 HMV financial statusDecline Financial Status of HMVAccording to Whetten (1980a) financial decline happen as a yield of companys misdi rection or grapples related to internal and external factors. The data below shows how HMVs financial status started to nosedive from 2006 till 2012 which eventually cost HMV and the company went to administration 2013.3.0 Competitors AnalysesIn recent years, thus with the massive influx of online music / audio distribution sites such as iTunes, Amazon, Hulkshare, Soundcloud, Torrent, Mixcloud and many more plus recently notorious Netflix, an online video/ internet streaming subscription services that enables customers / subscribers to rent and watch movies online in the comfort of their own home. In a port Netflix is more or minuscular a movie rental provider, thus all the transactions between Netflix and the customers take place online.HMV faces a huge challenge in sustaining in the current entertainment market industry in the foreseeable future, as the great deals way of doing things are drastically changing as a result of technology advancement, hence social media networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Blackberry Messenger, Linkedn, Snapchat and many more social networks are developing and emerging on a nonchalant basis.HMV is a physical entity which currently relies heavily on consumer consumption based on how many customers visit its shops and how large the customers purchases are, thus vast majority of heap in todays world actually live in a virtual world, they shop online, interact with friends or tell on new friends online, field of operations online, bank online, gamble online, game online and more importantly people tend to view the online community as their main source of getting new music e.g. if Lady GaGa intends to release a new single, the quickest way to learn about this is on her Twitter page or Facebook page.Beyonce released her fifth studio record album overnight and online on December 13th 2013 without no prior promotional fiasco or press releases, the album is exclusively available to be purchased on iTunes.AmazonAmazo n.co.uk, a subsidiary of Amazon.com, was launched in 1998. Today, the site provides fast, convenient service for customers in the UK and Ireland www.amazon.co.uk/About-AmazonAmazon operates online business selling CDs videodisks games and books. Amazon adopts the cost leadership strategy their aim is to sell their product at a lower price compare to others in the industry. They clear been able to main the cost leadership strategy due to selling purely online hereby saving money to maintain a physical store. overdue to lack of physical presence where customer can go into the store and purchase their products Amazon continue to invest heavily in technology to make the shopping easier for their customers. however Amazon is losing a lot of customer especially the older generation who will rather go to store and purchase their goods. However they have been able to maintain their share in the market with their low cost leadership strategy and ease online shopping which has contributed to the massive increase in their sales.ITunesIn 2004 iTunes store was launched in the UK serving UK and Ireland due to its huge success in the U.S. iTunes sold over 70 million songs in its first year in the U.S.Apples online store is also more than just an online music service there are other sub-stores too which offer music videos, audiobooks, movies, free, apps, and more http//mp3.about.com/od/digitalmusicdelivery/tp/topmusicstores.htm.Apples iTunes account for 67% of TV downloads, 65% of movies Kevin Bostic. ITunes success has been attributed to online presence where customers are able to download a single track rather than buying an album or physic disk. ITunes target younger generation than any other in the industry making it easier for them to download musicHowever it is not available for everyone which has greatly reduced its market share its only available to Apple device users i.e. iPhone, iPod and iPad. ITunes continue to face threats from Amazon, illegal music downloads and online free music downloads websites.NetflixNetflix was founded in 1997, started its subscription based digital distribution service in 1999 and has been very effective in the United States since then, thus after embarking on the Irish land and The UK about two years ago, business has not been as usual for the DVD seller and rental stores such as HMV and thus also the likes of Xtra-Vison.digital claims over 50% of all UK music sales value in second quarter of 2013 Fiona Keenan.HMVs recent store closures have hit the high street retailer hard, with its number of shoppers almost halving in the latest 12 weeks compared with the same quarter last year and its market share dropping by 8.4 percentage points(Fiona Keenan)HMV slipped from its position as Britains second largest entertainment retailer to fifth in second quarters as Tesco replaced it as the second largest entertainment retailer in 2013.Percentage share of the entertainment market (includes physical sales of videos, games and music and digital sales of music)12 wks to 30 Sep 1212 wks to 29 Sep 13% changeAmazon18.3201.7Tesco11.917.15.2Asda9.812.12.3HMV1810.6-7.4iTunes Music9.18.8-0.3Sainsburys6.86.90.1Game Group5.66.20.6Morrisons2.92.90Play31.9-1.1Other14.513.6-0.9http//www.levidepoches.fr/contagious fancys/2013/07/digital-claims-over-50-of-all-uk-music-sales-value-in-q2-2013-kantar-the-research-firm-based-the-sta.htmlMarketing environment of HMVAn organisation must understand its environment if it is to exploit changing market conditions and target its market successfully. BPP (201087) this consists of both Macro and small environment, within the marketing environment an organisation needs to consider both macro and micro factors.PESTELPoliticalGovernment enforces law on how organisation meet and responds to competition. Any changes in government policies Environmental protection laws Taxation policy and Employment laws will influence how HMV makes its decisions. In the UK the increase in VAT to 2 0% has led to decrease in sales of music and putting HMV under obligate Illegal download is a major problem and still continues till today. It is therefore a problem in the music and movie industry.EconomicsThe current economic situation has huge impact on household, HMV decisions will be influenced by economic factors i.e. Unemployment has gone up in the past years people have less money to spend on non-essential items divergence them with little or no money to spend on entertainment. Customers now prefer to shop around for better deal therefore not loyal to a brand anymore. Customers now go online to see what HMV is go and most go for cheaper options from competitors or even download illegally .HMV needs to find a way to be competitive in the marketSocial/culturalSocial /cultural affects peoples values, perceptions and behaviours. Younger generations are more interested in media and social groups compare to older generation. Entertainment and music is becoming very important in our everyday life most specially the younger generations expending more on games and music. Market for DVD and CD is falling as customers are now turning to alternative such as MP3 players with more people storing music on their phones and laptops. Sales of CD and DVD have fallen massively as people now turn to downloads or streaming sites. HMV needs to understand what is going on in this constantly changing environment and try to market their product to meet the needs of this people.TechnologyTechnology is very important in todays market environment. Technology has given HMV competitive advantage in 2007HMV launch get closer which was launched via the media and in UK stores. The idea was for fans to discusover content by dint of the site and buy more music as a result. HMV also launch a download service through iOS and apps to tempt mobile users to purchase music while on the go. HMV also strike a deal with APPLE to allow users download song from the apps unbowed into their iP hone gaining competitive advantage over iTunes. Survey conducted by Entertainment Retailers Association (ERA) in 2012-2013 shows that digital download increase by 40%.Expanding into digital market gives HMV completive advantage to compete in the market with growing consumer demand. In 2009 HMV partner with Curzon artificial to bring the cinema experience to HMV retail outlets across the UK a move which could deliver earnings of 3m www.theguardian.com. HMV needs to continue to invest heavily in online business and find a way to compete in the market as online market is continually growing driven by advanced internet technologies and secure payments. Online stores such as Amazon are offering customers competitive price due to cost ransomd running a physical store.EnvironmentGovernment are putting pressure on organisations to exit more responsible to the society by finding ways to reduce defilement and cut down their waste by introducing laws regulating environmental pollution to red uce environment damage and act in a way which benefits the society .People are becoming more conscious about the environmentMillions of media disc are thrown away yearly with burning them leading to the release of harmful toxins leading to drive to recycle them.Larger capacity storage CD (album rather than singles) and DVD that can hold a larger amount of media are encouraged to reduce number of disc being made.Amazon is offering cloud drive and cloud computing which can be used to store music eliminating the need for hardware and storage device this is something HMV can do as well.LegalIllegal downloading and Piracy are important issues that have constrained the growth of legal digital channel and severely affected the sales of physical entertainment. There is mass distribution of illegal download product which undercuts the retail price that HMV and others are charging for their product. Until government measures and controls to reduce and eliminate copyright rape are successful issues such as illegal downloading and piracy will continue.In 2010 the Digital Economy Act was made into law. It was introduced to regulate digital media in the UK, and to protect intellectual property and curb illegal file sharing. The passing of the Act into law was important for HMV, however its effect has been minimal as offenders of music and film piracy are rarely caught or face penalties.SWOT ANALYSISStrengthHMV has a well-known brand name with extensive market presence, since its opening in 1921 with Physical presence across UK, Ireland, Asia, Canada and USA.HMV has vast amount of experience in the music industry hence their relationship with music and film providers because they have been around for a while famous artiste/bands has recorded with HMV. HMV has both physical and digital presence in the market therefore sell to a broader market giving them competitive advantage over their competitorsWeaknessHMV lack direction and leadership in the past and during market struct ure change leaving HMV in debt. HMV was slow to react to change with low barriers to entry in terms of online sales. HMV is competing in an industry where physical sales are falling and do good is being reduced by intense competition in the industry, If HMV lower its price and improve its stores appearance they will have competitive advantage over others who are just present onlineOpportunitiesHMV need to invest more money on digital market to develop a world beating online presence as few people now go to stores to buy goods and competitors such as Amazon are ahead of HMV in online market if HMV wants to get prat their market share they need to invest heavily in online market. HMV will need to improve on advertising to improve brand awareness and save its brand.HMV could also expanded further into international markets as there might be less competition compare to UK and Ireland market this could be more profitable. HMV could open more physical outlets around Ireland and UK curre ntly they only focus on prime shopping district causing them to lose market in other areasTheres opportunity for HMV in cloud digital storage to keep up with competitors like Amazon. Joint ventures with other market i.e. supermarkets for market share growth. Opportunity in e-book and social network, in 2012 Sainsburys acquired HMV Groups shareholding in AnobiiThreatsThe continued growth of technology, internet, and illegal downloads is a threat to HMV. Its becoming more evident that customers wants goods provided from large numbers of services and it is complicated for HMV to meet these needs. There is also impact of recession on music industry people have less money to spend on entertainment and some are finding cheaper way to get their music hence downloading illegally. Illegal download is affecting the purchase of both physical media and online digital. According to Philip Beeching He explained, The three biggest threats to HMV are online retailers, downloadable music, and superm arkets discounting loss leader product. His warnings were ignored www.stratile.comCompetition has been growing and continues to impact on HMV meshwork thisCompetition threatens to diminish HMV sales and market share as well as their profit. Competitors like Amazon, iTunes and Napster are taking over HMVs market easily. Supermarkets continue to providing more service in a location that is usually far away from HMV stores to reduce this threats HMV can go into joint ventures with supermarkets. HMV failed to adapt quickly to todays business model where more than 70% of music and video is bought onlineTechnology is advancing at an exceptional rate and opening new paths of opportunities by helping organisation to compete in the market place and gaining the attention of their customers. E business is the new trend in the music industry, HMV has been slow to heart the opportunity and competitors such as iTunes and Amazon were the first to set up online music market and took the lead in t he market.HMV stores are under high pressure from music and DVD downloading, both legal and illegal. With stores across the UK Ireland, it reaches the more physical customers in the market. This multi-channel distribution would be a strong advantage for HMV if managed well. Security is an issue with online market HMV need to constantly monitor their website against internet threats customers wants to know that their details are protected when shipping on their website if customer know their website is secure this will generate more sales and any issue with security will be a disaster for the organisation.

Want to Sell a Website? The Process :: Sell Website

Selling a Website - The ProcessInitial Seller meetings are conducted by the Sellers Broker (a professionally trained melody Broker, holding a Real Estate Agent license where necessary), and the Seller is educated on the process of selling a business. A Representation Agreement is filled come in by the Sellers Broker & signed by the Seller. Immediately after signing the representation Agreement, the Seller provides the Broker the following Complete lists of all equipment and other assets to be included or excluded in the sale Profit and loss statements, balance sheets, and tax returns of the byplay covering the last three years The most fresh interim profit and loss statement, balance sheet, and sales tax returns Real and personal property leases Copies of all patents, licensees, loan documents, contracts or agreements All agreements relating to employee benefits Any environmental reports and Copies of all other documents needed to present a fair and accurate description of the Bu siness to prospective buyers. During the representation period, seller will provide periodical updates of each such document during the period of this agreement where any material change has occurred. Seller consents to Broker publishing, advertising or distributing information about the Business to prospective purchasers and to cooperating brokers, and contacting landlords and any others regarding any of the information about the Business. Sellers Broker writes a narrative on the Business the Representation Agreement is entered into the Sunbelt proprietary database, and a Business Profile is created. Sellers Broker introduces the Business to all of our other brokers during weekly office meetings. All other brokers match the Sellers Business Data (SBD) against Buyers in their respective queues (Buyers who bear previously been interviewed, signed a Confidentiality Agreement and filled out a detailed Buyers Profile) Sellers Broker plans an advertising strategy and the SBD is added t o web sites in such a manner so the general public cannot identify the business. Buyers in queue and Buyers who have responded from the advertisements will have their backgrounds and finances evaluated to see if they are able Buyers. If qualified Buyers are interested, they will be shown a Business Profile. If further interest is shown, the Sellers Broker will arrange a meeting with the Seller. If a Buyer wants to generate an offer at a fair price, the Buyers Brokerwill write the offer and secure a deposit. The Sellers Broker will present all offers to the Seller.

Real Estate Accounting: New Regulations Essay -- The Financial Crisis

The level of agony for individuals and businesses continues to rise as they experience losses in the value of their real estate holdings. In some circumstances, the fair securities industry value of their attribute has fallen below the loan or mortgage amount. As a result, many debtors decide to walk away from the loan, resulting in repossession of the property by the lender. As shown in Appendix A the default rates continue to rise (United States), affecting method of accounting issues such as, revenue recognition, measurement, fair value, and balk. The inform of long-term debt is one of the most controversial argonas in fiscal reporting (Kieso, 709). This is because long-term debt such as, loans for real estate investments, has a significant impact on a companys cash flows. A companys cash flows are affected by long-term debt as gains and losses are reported through an equity account, such as Other Comprehensive Income (Investments). Cash flows are also impacted by repor ting the permanent impairment of an asset as a realized loss through earnings and regulatory capital. Individuals and institutions involved in the current credit crisis include the United States Congress, the federal Reserve Board, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), credit agencies, banks, mortgage brokers and consumers (Carey, 2). The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is focusing on the uprising problems in dealing with the reporting of real estate holdings.Within the housing commercialise, a home buyer (debtor) must go first to a financial institution or mortgage broker (originator) who allow for approve and make mortgage loans. Next, the originator may choose to s... ...d a companys continuing involvement in transferred financial assets. Also, Statement 167 requires companies to provide additional disclosures concerning involvement interest entities, allowing significant changes in risk exposure to be reported. The new accounting rules will regulate the real estate market. However, the adjustments to business practices and the respected capital levels will prevail over time. The accounting issues resolving the real estate market will always exist. Accounting regulations are constantly updated to accommodate with the constant change in the economy. FASB along with the SEC will provide updated accounting rules that will affect the lender and the debtor. Whether the new regulations in accounting issues are treated fairly among all parties that are involved they will have to be carried by in all interrelated transactions.