The Similarities Between Classical Music and Ellingtons Jazz Essay

One of the greatest tragedies in the 20th century can be seen in the debasing of the crawl in genre as a unworthy equal to its predecessor, European Classical music. This can be seen in various statements about Jazz, such as Boris Gibalin commit, The Jazz Mania has taken on the character of a lingering illness and must be cured by means of forceful intervention.1 This conflict can be traced through out the history of Jazz, as Classical composers have relatively disregarded this new type of music. Before Duke Ellingtons Cotton Club performances, Jazz play on the radio was delegated for late night audience only. This sub-culture treatment has led many critics to disregard the Jazz consummation as a dance craze, or unsuccessful recreations of Classical pieces. This slandering of Jazz has non only created a false image of the music, and it has also work to a full disconnection between the deuce genres. It is for this reason that I propose in my paper to show the relationship between these two tuneful categories. My hopes in demonstrating these similarities is to disassemble the schism of ignorance built between the two, and place both Jazz and Classical music on equal footing. Critics of Jazz have incessantly perpetuated this schism by utilizing the reasoning behind Jazz, that of it beingness a free form interpretation, to question the legitimacy of calling a Jazz leader a composer. For how can one be styled as a proper composer and still remain true to the Traditional Jazz concepts? The classic composer has at their disposal passing skilled musicians who are trained to work within professional bodies, such as a symphony orchestra or string quartet, and who then relies on the force of these professionally trained bodies to interpret his scores as he sees fit. On the surface this appears to run contradictory to the Jazz composer whom, Has to write for specific combinations which do not exist until he brings them into being, and to rely on highly ind ividual executants whose personal style must be blended together to give expression to his stimulate ideas withoutlosing their individuality.2 Yet to interpret this blending of highly individualistic sounds as proof of a schism between this and the rigidly structured Classical composer is a false impression. This fallacy can be attributed to overemphasizing the sporadic and improvisational aspects of Jazz and refusi... ...usical category. From Bach to Mozart, Beethoven and even Tchaikovsyky employed it as a stylistic feature in their pieces. In conclusion, one can see the shared characteristics of the two musical styles. Yet I find myself pressing again the reasoning for this paper, for I must submit that I am in no way declaring that Classical music equates Jazz. The two musical categories are different in numerous ways, but one must wonder does this difference justify the mistreatment of Jazz. Throughout history great innovations have been created not thought the passive means, but through the rising tide fires of dissent. Classical music has born the scars of numerous dissenting musicians, all of who now stands as pinnacles of their craft. Yet now we have arrived at a time in which this reverent originality has become cause for scorn, and it is this debasement that I am addressing. By showing the similarities of the two genres, I had hoped in quenching this distaste for Jazz. This musical elitism that is being perpetuated can lead only to a disastrous finale for all who engage in it. Duke Ellington has it right when he stated, There are only two types of music, good music and the rest.18

Choosing Between Graduate School and the Peace Corps Essay -- Personal

The cessation Corps is an organization of people who be Americas international helpers. This is a federal government curriculum that was designed to bring about peace and hospitality to developing countries. This organization has a virtuous history of people of all race backgrounds and genders who come in concert to help others. The volunteers have no obligation toward the people of the world but they serve by their own intent as Americans and individuals. Volunteers who finish their service are of great character because they offer their own time to help those in need. They are the people with hearts and minds that are ready to give their energy to birth what situations that may rise in their service. However a person going into graduate develop is different. Graduate school is for a serious minded learner who knows what direction they want to follow in life. It is a decision of great commitment and it hard to keep. It is of great importance to some individuals to finish such a challenging process. Graduate school can be a gateway into internships and career opportunities into different work fields such as psychology. Graduate school and Peace corps are both where the mind, body and spirit are pushed into new areas of understanding. My question is should I go straight into graduate school or into the Peace Corps?After earning a bachelors degree, an individual chooses from among the following options enroll in graduate school either in the selfsame(prenominal) or different academic field, enroll in a first-professional degree program, pursue foreign study, or work full-time (Perna 489). The options for not going into all further education only seem to lead into working full time. Along with todays uncertainty of already obtain bachelor degrees ... .... Peace Corps Volunteers, First. The Peace Corps Reader. 2. Washingtion Quadrangke Books, 1967. Print.Perna, Laura W. Understanding the Decision to Enroll in Graduate School Sex and Racial/Ethnic Group Dif ferences. Journal of higher(prenominal) Education 75.5 (2004) 487-527.Web. Quinn,Latasha.Peace Corps Survey.Survey.5 November 2011.web. .Reavis, Elizabeth. Personal Interview. 27 Oct.2011. Storti, Craig, Peace Corps, and Laurette Bennhold-Samaan.Culture Matters, The Peace Corps Cross-cultural Workbook. Washingtion Peace Corps, 1997. Print.Tufts, James H. American College Education and Life. Science 29.741 (1909) pp. 407-414. Web. Vasquez, Gaddi. A Life Inspired, Tales Of Peace Corps Service. U.S. govt. official ed. Washingtion Peace Corps (U.S.), 2007. Print.

Jacks in the box :: essays research papers

Pericles Ideology of Democratic Society.Democracy of today can be traced fundament to the Funeral Oration name and address of Pericles. We can outline the ideology behind democracy from his diction. Democracy is now the largest form of government to exist in todays society. There are two forms of democracys that exist Representational which is use by the United States, and Direct which allows the people to get involved and was used by the Greeks. So its said that Athenian democracy are more democratic than ours. Some even say that Pericles speech is the foundation of democratic society.The speech of Pericles was not only a tribute to those who died in battle but it was also a contrast between the warring powers of Athens and Sparta, recorded by the historian Thucydides. In Athens society it was custom for someone of the community to give an acclamation speech for those who died in war. Pericles was chosen and gave a spectacular speech which sounds a lot like the speeches we hear today from opposite leaders of a democratic government. Pericles speaks about the special qualities and characteristics of the Athenians, and the faults of the Spartans.The theme of the speech is the thought that the Athenians were equal to put aside what they want and strive for the greater good of the city. They are brought together by their mutual trust and a shared desire for freedom. Athenians hand to the laws and obey the public officials not because they have to, but because they want to. Athenians had achieved something unique ,being both ruled and rulers at one and the same time. This helped to create a impertinent type of civilian. Athenians were able to adapt to any situation and rise to any challenge.Athenian law was not all written in books, based on peoples judgment the laws were administered on the guilty. According to Pericles Our Constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states we are rather a model to others than imitators ourselves, this quote shows t he Constitution is an inspiration to other government systems.

Imagery in My Papa’s Waltz Essay examples -- My Papas Waltz Essays

Imagery in My Papas Waltz Donald Hall describes the go for of imagery in poetry as a device that makes us more sensitive to literature, as if we acquired eyes that could see through things(p 530). Imagery creates vivid exposit that deal with ones sense experience of sight, sound, touch, smell, or taste. These details can be seen in Theodore Roethkes My Papas Waltz because the senses of touch, sight, sound, and smell appeal to the reader in order to better explain the feelings of each character in the poem. Roethkes use of imagery creates a negative picture that is painted by the son of an abusive suffer. The poem My Papas Waltz uses imagery by especially appealing to the sense of touch. The sense of touch also helps the reader to better understand the abusive father theme. The third stanza concentrates on the actual act of abuse. The author, Roethke, describes the battle wounds on the father and son that are inflicted by the father. The fathers hand was battered on one knuckle f rom hitting his son with a belt (10). This is apparent because the sons right stiletto heel scraped...

How do Jane’s experiences at Lowood contribute to her development? Essa

How do Janes experiences at Lowood contribute to her development?Before arriving at Lowood Jane lived at Gateshead, with her aunt andthree cousins. She was loveless and treated badly, and had alreadydeveloped a determination to stand up for herself and fight for herindependence. The young Jane had baffled Mrs reed, who could obviouslynot understand how for nine historic period you could be patient and quiescentunder any treatment, and in the tenth break out all fire andviolence. At Gateshead she is unhappy and when Mr Lloyd questions her subsequently the red-room incident, she is shown to be nave and ignorantof life. She has no real picture of honest, decent, working people andher experience of poverty is limited to her aunts rigorous commentsabout her relatives and to the few poor villagers she has seen. Janeis not religious yet, as the logical answer to Mr Brocklehurstsquestion reveals, and she again shocks him with her comments about thepsalms. Her sense of injustice, would no t allow Mrs Reed to insult herand call her deceitful, forcing her to speak her mind. Jane identifiesherself with the role of mutinous slave, likening her cousin to aslave driver. She appears to be afraid that she will never find a truesense of home or community, Jane feels the need to belong somewhere,to find kin, or at least kindred spirits.After Janes surface act of rebellion, she is sent to Lowood. Aninstitution run by Mr Brocklehurst, whose mission it is to mortify inthese girls the lusts of flesh. Lowood institution is based uponCharlotte Bronts own experiences at the Clergy Daughters School,Cowan Bridge, which she go to at the age of 8, with her sisters. Asin Jane Eyre, typhus broke out at the school,... ...brance of God is the same as when sheacknowledges to herself her love for Rochester, where she says thatRochester has become so consequential in her life that he even displacesreligion and stands between her and God.Jane also has the power of pardonness in her. She is ready to forgiveMrs Reed for her wrongs and she returns to Thornfield to find andforgive Rochester. It is possible for her learnings from Lowood to beforgotten or ignored in a trice. She stoops low to begging when sheleaves Rochester and when she lets St. John take over her feelings,but regains them at both times, refusing his proposal of marriage andbeing taken in by the Rivers.Lowood made Jane a capable woman with morals, who knew her place. Itwas all that she needed to have back in the 19th century when at thetime the book was written, women were considered inferior to men.

How do Jane’s experiences at Lowood contribute to her development? Essa

How do Janes experiences at Lowood contribute to her development?Before arriving at Lowood Jane lived at Gateshead, with her aunt andthree cousins. She was unloved and treated badly, and had al upshot a leakdeveloped a determination to stand up for herself and fight for herindependence. The young Jane had baffled Mrs Reed, who could patentlynot understand how for nine years you could be patient and quiescentunder any treatment, and in the tenth break out each(prenominal) advise andviolence. At Gateshead she is unhappy and when Mr Lloyd questions herafter the red-room incident, she is shown to be nave and ignorantof life. She has no real picture of honest, decent, working people andher experience of scantness is limited to her aunts nasty comments some her relatives and to the few poor villagers she has seen. Janeis not religious yet, as the logical answer to Mr Brocklehurstsquestion reveals, and she again shocks him with her comments about thepsalms. Her sense of injustice, woul d not allow Mrs Reed to insult herand call her deceitful, forcing her to speak her mind. Jane identifiesherself with the role of mutinous slave, likening her cousin to aslave driver. She appears to be terrified that she will never find a truesense of home or community, Jane feels the need to belong somewhere,to find kin, or at least(prenominal) kindred spirits.After Janes open act of rebellion, she is sent to Lowood. Aninstitution run by Mr Brocklehurst, whose mission it is to mortify inthese girls the lusts of flesh. Lowood institution is base uponCharlotte Bronts own experiences at the Clergy Daughters School,Cowan Bridge, which she attended at the age of 8, with her sisters. Asin Jane Eyre, typhus broke out at the school,... ...brance of God is the same as when sheacknowledges to herself her love for Rochester, where she says thatRochester has become so important in her life that he even displacesreligion and stands between her and God.Jane also has the power of forgiveness i n her. She is ready to forgiveMrs Reed for her wrongs and she returns to Thornfield to find andforgive Rochester. It is possible for her learnings from Lowood to beforgotten or ignored in a trice. She stoops low to begging when sheleaves Rochester and when she lets St. John take over her feelings,but regains them at both times, refusing his proposal of marriage andbeing taken in by the Rivers.Lowood made Jane a capable woman with morals, who knew her place. Itwas all that she needed to have back in the 19th century when at thetime the book was written, women were considered inferior to men.

Dangerous Dogs

Exercise A Dangerous andirons 1. Give an outline of the various views on dangerous suction stops presented in text 1, 2 and 3. There are different opinions in the three texts. In text 1, Police bask new law on grampus whale dogs by Jamie Doward, the police force officer, Bernard Hogan-Howe has demanded a change to the law on dangerous dogs so children are better protected and so the new rules will address the owners of dangerous dogs, rather than the animals themselves. That happens after five-year-old Ellie Lawrenson was mauled by a pit bull and died.Four breeds were banned as followed by the 1991 Dangerous Dogs Act. That led to hundreds of people handing in their dogs to the police in the Merseyside area, because they were afraid they might be prosecuted. Bernard Hogan-Howe says that there are now 200 fewer illegal dogs in Merseyside. In text 2, Jail owners of killer dogs by Victoria Stilwell has another view. She is against breed-specific legislation. She means that you shou ld face jail if your dog kills someone, and it is time owners take responsibility when they mix kids and pets.The death of 13-month-old Archie-Lee Hirst mauled by his familys rottweiler has started a tighter control on dangerous dogs. But Victoria Stilwell says that people should not start thinking that all rottweilers are killers, because they certainly are not. Instead she advise people to consider which breed that fit into their home, and not to buy a dog on the net or from a backyard breeder. In text 3, If the dog is dangerous, the owner will be, too by Simon Heffer, Simon Heffer himself means that the Dangerous Dogs Act is a pointless piece of legislation, because many pit bulls are still to be found.He also writes that the owner of the dog, who killed five-year-old Ellie Lawrenson, Kiel Simpson was a drug dealer and was jailed for possessing 44Ib of grassnabis. Simon Heffer thinks that this underlines that if you meet a dangerous dog, a dangerous human is not far away. so me(prenominal) Jamie Doward and Simon Heffer find a change in the legislation necessary after a pit bull mauled five-year-old Ellie Lawrenson. They both blame the owners to the dogs and see it as a big problem that irresponsible people has it bulls. Victoria Stilwell is opposite the to men against breed-specific legislation. She also blame the owners and says you would not leave your baby alone with a singular so why a dog? 2. Characterize the tone used by Simon Heffer in text 3. Illustrate your answer with examples from the text. Simon Heffer uses a readable phrase and do already catch the reader in the headline. Simon Heffer use a little Ethos and a little pathos when he writes about dangerous dogs and their owners.He explains his points in shortly sentence and he is easy to understand () 1057 of these repulsive animals are legally owned in this country After reading the text we can see that Simon Heffer is very subjective when he writes about the owners of dogs not only the ow ner in the Story of Ellie Lawrenson, but every owner of a dog And it underlines the point that wherever one finds a dangerous dog, there is normally a dangerous human lurking not far away. It is like he also indicates that he find it more necessary to take control of all the dangerous human, like drug dealers (Kiel Simpson) and so on.

Wide Reading

Describe a character that interests you in The Fat Man and explain why that character interested you. Colin a 12 year old male child interested me from the book The Fat Man by Maurice Gee. Colin is a hungry boy caught up by the effects of the Depression. He learns from the fat troops that his dad was a bully in school and the fat man wants revenge for what they did to him. Colin is interesting because of the time he lives in and because he has to learn truths about his parents and be brave and helping Verna.We learn from the book that Colin is a hungry skinny 12 year old boy who is always desperate for food. As it was the Depression there was not enough m unmatchedy to buy food to eat. Laurie (Colins father) has trouble finding a muse and cash in ones chipsting enough money to feed his family. In the book it tells us that Colin is a hungry boy with the quotation Colin Potter was a hungry boy. The new(prenominal) quotation They were hard times. There were hungry times tell us that Colins dad cant find a job and get money that they need to buy food and they were quite hungry when Laurie couldnt earn money.I thought this was interesting as it is different from how children nowadays are cosmos brought up in New Zealand and having enough food for the whole family to have plenty to replenish their hunger when we are hungry. It is hard to imagine how New Zealand children were same(p) during the Depression, hungry for food. Colin is interesting because he has a scary encounter with the fat man and learns that he wants revenge for being bullied by Colins father at school. Colin meets the fat man at the creek. The fat man holds him back even though he doesnt want to and discovers Colin had stolen his chocolate.The fat man soon discovers that Maisie and Laurie were Colins parents. The fat man tells Colin about his parents. How his father bullied him at school and farting and blaming everything on the fat man. Laurie and his friends also spat sandwiches everyday at the fat man and made him eat them. I cried too, everyday for a year. Pottsie liked it. It tells us that Laurie made the fat man cry as he bullied him everyday for a year and the fat man hated it a lot. The second quotation Then theyd spit on it Spit sandwich was its name.I ate one of those everyday. The fat man had to go through Laurie and his friends spitting sandwiches on him everyday and he didnt like it. It is very interesting seeing how Colin deals with truths about his father. In Colins eyes, his father seemed smaller to him now. Colin is a very interesting boy as he was very kind and supportive towards Verna when she had hard times. Despite Colin being very afraid of the fat man and the bullies at school, Colin stands up for Verna and walks her home(a) even though he knows that the Rice gang is going to get him soon.Colin walks home with Verna. The quote in the book is Ill walk with you which was very kind of him even though he didnt want to. Colins bravery to me makes h im a very interesting character. Colin is a very interesting character in this whole story. He overcomes his fear of the fat man and the bullies at school because he was a kind boy and wanted to help Verna. I also learnt more about the Depression how many people could not find jobs and thereof their families could not afford food.

Impact Of Assessment For Learning Education Essay

This paper considers the impact of sound judgement for Learning on kids s advancement in a peculiar strand of the primary quill Maths Curriculum. It does so fore some by means of a reappraisal of the relevant belles-lettres, and so employs some empirical illustrations to exemplify how the rhythm had helped to procure larning points in a peculiar context. The specific strand under consideration is the resolution of multi-step jobs, aand jobs affecting fractions, decimals and per centums take and utilize appropriate figuring schemes at each phase, including reck oner exercise. ( DCFS 2009 ) .Literature ReviewChanges in the professional model for the instruction and appraisal of Primary maths sport been reflected in a invariably spread outing literature. This is now so expansive, that it can scarce truly be reviewed here through some representative illustrations. There argon two chief sub-genres which feature here specifically, these argon official publications, and scope of commercially produced texts which may be characterised as critical, professional, or vocational self-help literature. It is in any event the obiter dictum that some generic texts on the upshot of Primary estimation for Learning may be pertinent here, although they do non associate specifically to mathematics.The official literature emphasises the holistic nature of appraisal by asseverating that aassessment of kids s accomplishments and advancement should be based on the expected acquisition results identified through the acquisition aims. In mathematics, measuring kids s advancement in a nucleus strand of acquisition should be informed by the aims in the strand. ( DCFS 2009 ) . The fruition of this agency may be visualized in the motive and authorization of the educatees themselves, supported by aConstructive feedback that identifies how kids s work and responses have guide to successa this, it advises, should supply a ash atomic number 18d apprehension of the accomplishm ents on which to construct to do farther advancement. It helps kids to see how the following stairss take history of this success and ar come-at-able. ( DCFS 2009 ) . There is a sense in which this acknowledges that estimate for Learning has an importance, over and above what is revealed in outcome-based consequences, i.e. those from standardized trials. In other words, the latter no longish implies that it can stand as aproxy for other sorts of larning. ( Campbell et al. 2004 p.119 )The commercially published literature is invariably being updated by texts which engage with official policy and course of study alterations, construing them for practicians and parents. However, the bulk of these, although they make some mention to assessment, make non make so in the footings now prescribed by the DCFS, i.e. , daily and semimonthly appraisal. This is perchance because these theoretical accounts have merely been runing in the official discourse for a comparatively short period. Overall, this genre may itself be split into sub-groups, the most important of which are the brooding or critical genre, and the vocational or self-help group. One of the most fecund governments at heart this group is Sharon Clarke, whose Targeting Assessment in the Primary Class populate Schemes for Planning, Assessment, Pupil Feedback and Target Setting ( 1998 ) , Unlocking Formative Appraisal Practical Schemes for Enhancing Pupils Learning in the Primary Classroom, ( 2001 ) , and Active Learning Through Formative Assessment ( 2008 ) straddle consecutive tuitions in the instruction and appraisal of Primary mathematics. Besides helpful in these countries is Hansen s Primary Mathematicss Widening Knowledge in devote ( Achieving QTS Extending Knowledge in Practice ) ( 2008 ) , and David Clarke s Constructive Assessment in Mathematics Practical Stairss for Classroom Teachers ( Key Resources in Professional Development ) , ( 1999 ) .As Shirley Clarke indicates, the asharing of a l arn solve isa more composite than merely reiterating what is in the teacher s planaIn order for the learning purpose to be shared efficaciously, it needs to be clear and unambiguous, so that the instructor can explicate it in a manner which makes sense. ( 2001 p.20 ) This may be interpreted as supportive of the official place it endorses the thought that be aftering should pull non merely on the acquisition result, but besides on the anterior cognition of the pupils in inquiry. If they are expected to objectively measure their ain advancement, they must understand the frame of mention, and be able to imagine the acquisition result, even if they have nt yet attained it. This thought is besides inexplicit in the thoughts of David Clarke as he points out, earlier attacks to assessment focussed on ameasuring the terminus to which pupils possess a set of tools andathe extent to which they can use them. However, he farther indicates that ato be mathematically equipped, a pupil must be sides understand the nature of mathematical tools and be able to choose the objurgate tool for a given problem-solving state of affairs. ( 1999 p.11 ) This position is besides endorsed in the contemplations of Hansen, who argues that, ait is possible to assist kids to larn mathematical content through efficaciously incorporating problem-solving, concluding and communicating into mathematics lessons. ( Hansen 2008 p.5 )Texts such as Gardner s emended aggregation, , Assessment and Learning, ( 2006 ) , Gipps and Murphy s A Fair Test? Assessment, Achievement and Equity, ( 1994 ) , and Taber s Classroom-based research and evidence-based pattern, ( 2007 ) , travel some manner to bridging the spread between the functionary and the educational literature, specifically by looking at how policy and course of study affairs are linked by research and political orientation. These are, nevertheless, non specifically accustomed to Primary mathematics, and neither are they entirely accepting of the orthodoxies which pervade the official literature. Gipps and Murphy make the point that measuring appraisal is anot merely a inquiry of looking at the equity in the context of appraisal but besides within the course of study, as the two are closely related. ( 1994 p.3 ) As Taber points out, practicians are at the terminal of a really long and frequently distant supply concatenation when it comes to weighing the grounds on what is best pattern . As they put it, ateachers are told what research has found out during their initial preparation , and are updatedathrough classs and staff development yearss, but mostly through centralised official counsel . ( 2007 p.4 ) This is reinforced by observers such as Rist, who argues that, We are good past the clip when it is possible to reason that good research go out, because it is good, act upon the policy procedure. ( 2002 p.1002 ) .These are academic but non unimportant points in footings of the overall treatment, even if they are non peculiarly neat in the two dozen hours to twenty-four hours duties of the category instructor. The point is that, as brooding practicians, we might all profit from some consciousness of what shapes the models which inform our attack to learning and larning. With respect to the current Assessment for Learning conventions, the thoughts in Assessment for Learning, Beyond the black box( Assessment Reform Group, 1999 ) , are acknowledged by the QCA to keep going been constructive of the whole attack. ( QCA 2003 p.1 ) . As the latter province, The survey posed three inquiries is there grounds that bettering formative appraisal raises criterions? is there grounds that there is room for betterment in the pattern of appraisal? and is at that place grounds about how to better formative appraisal? This research grounds pointed to an unqualified yes as the reply to each of these inquiries. ( QCA 2003 p.1 ) . These are of import points, as the instruction, larning and appraisal m odels which define modern-day pattern are deeply adaptative of them.Discussion/Example from Experience.A strand of the Primary course of study where twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours and periodic appraisal was found to be peculiarly of import in the overall Assessment for Learning attack, was procuring figure facts, relationships and ciphering. The illustrations used here are from Year 6 block E, particularly Ma2, Written and reckoner methods, and Ma2, work outing numerical jobs from unit One, and focused on covering with mistakes and misconceptions. One context where appraisal was found to be peculiarly relevant was in covering with upper school ( i.e. senior ages 4, 5 and 6 ) acquisition of generation and division. The assessment procedure had to be multi-faceted, taking in all of the associated cognition and accomplishments, the mistakes and misconceptions which arose, and the modeling of inquiries to place the beginning of such jobs. This may be illustrated by concentrati ng on one illustration, taken from Year 6 Key Objective 2, Multiplying and dividing by powers of 10 and the associatory jurisprudence, where normally, the unprepared or baffled scholar aMisuses half understood regulations about multiplying and dividing by powers of 10 and the associatory lawa ( 2009 ) . The of import thing about generation and division through consecutive add-on or minus severally, is that, one time mastered, they can show to scholars that the application of basic accomplishments will enable them to interrupt down plainly complex jobs into a manageable format. Multiplying or spliting a three figure figure by a two digit figure depends on the usage of a figure of accomplishments cognition of figure facts, i.e. times tabular arraies, topographic point value, to rapidly measure the viability of an reply, and organizational accomplishments, i.e. being able to use the regenerate stairss in the appropriate order. It may besides be utile to augment these with reckoner u sage, in order to verify replies.The of import point here is that twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours and periodic appraisal and brooding feedback from the scholars themselves was indispensable in the planning, fliping and bringing of this input. The mutuality of each measure in these computations meant that the failure to put to death one measure, frequently resulted in the failure to finish the overall aim. For illustration, if times tabular arraies and generation by 10 and 100 were non firmly in topographic point, the scholar would acquire bogged down in the arithmetic. Conversely, the securing of one of the incremental accomplishments involved in these computations was a positive factor in the scholars overall attack i.e. , if they knew their times tabular arraies facts, topographic point value, or generation by 10 and 100 were in topographic point, it gave them a get downing point from which to analyze mistakes or jobs. For some scholars, this had the generic consequence of doing them gain that their long-run work in accomplishing these places of strength had a positive result, instead than being an abstract, stand-alone procedure. This in furrow made them more interested in geting other general mathematics accomplishments. Looking beyond specific mathematics accomplishments, this may besides hold the arguing to develop the pupils ain capacities for self-fulfillment and self-motivation. As the QCA points out, aIn many schoolrooms, students do non comprehend the construction of the acquisition aims that give significance to their work. Therefore they are unable to measure their ain advancement. ( QCA 2003 p.3 ) Accomplishment in a multi-step procedure such as long generation or division might and then enable them to map out where they are within the overall criterions.However, it was merely through a combination of twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours and periodic appraisal that the practician could be confident of be aftering efficaciously wi th respect to these undertakings. There was no point in piecing Sessionss which relied on a scope of accomplishments when they were non unafraid, either in item-by-item scholars, or sufficiently across the cohort as a whole. In assorted ability groups, this attack was evidently the key the necessary distinction. The logical corollary to this is that discursive feedback from the scholars themselves was besides of import in specifying the following phase of planning, i.e. what worked, what did nt, who tried which method, were there any penchants etc. The entreaty of this activity besides lays in its all right balance of mental and pencil and paper methods, and the manner in which appraisal is the necessary concomitant to concrete computation. Overall, these experiences may be deemed supportive of the proposals of observers such as Clarke and Hansen, ( see above ) in that they emphasize the demand for the uninterrupted support of be aftering with appraisal.Summary, Analysis and Reflec tion Deductions for Future Teaching.In drumhead, the decision of this paper is that both the literature and practical experience discussed here are reciprocally supportive of the demand for complimentary appraisal and planning. Outcome orientated consequences can exemplify iodine and whole school public presentation in certain contexts, but practicians need to be cognizant of appraisal in a holistic manner, as a day-to-day portion of their attack to learning and larning. As the QCA expresses it, aTeachers are sing an increased sense that students are working with them instead than for them. For illustration, students are inquiring for more inquiries or illustrations to pattern using their apprehension of a subject or to reiterate prep or trials if they have non met the criterion and the aims that they and the instructor have set. ( QCA 2009 p.48 ) . Whilst this dynamic sounds really positive, practicians have new and different duties within it. In footings of appraisal, these can be itemised in the undermentioned waysaDay to twenty-four hours within this degree of appraisal, specific larning aims should explicitly communicated, and augmented with both equal and self appraisal as appropriate.Periodic ideally, this should piece a broader overview of advancement across the topic for both scholar and instructor. It is besides an chance to interweave the national criterions in a sensitive manner with schoolroom pattern. The practician can utilize the penetrations gained from this procedure to inform both long and average term planning.Overall, it should be recognised that the ideal state of affairs, i.e. of self-motivated, self-actuating scholars, involved in their ain self-assessment, is improbable merely to exit . Considered superficially, it might look that the practician s function in appraisal has lessened, whilst the balance has been taken up by the scholars themselves. The world is instead different students will merely go equal and effectual assessors o f their ain advancement if they are provided with the appropriate support and counsel. In a sense, this facilitating function is a much more ambitious and elusive one than that implied in a more top-down, didactic theoretical account. Besides, there are obvious jobs in sing the learner as a passive or generalized facet of this attack it is much more likely that there is a staggered and varicolored consumption of the theoretical account, as different scholars are engaged at their ain gait and degree. This in bend indicates that, as with all facets of the course of study, the societal and emotional facets of acquisition should be taken into consideration.

Finding Scripture: Knowledge, Purpose and Suffering Essay

For Part 1 of this assignment, you will complete this worksheet by finding the Scriptures listed below. watch over the Suffering and Death video located at http//lc.gcumedia.com/zwebassets/courseMaterialPages/cwv101_vpv01GUI.php Please keep your answers brief. Solid academic writing is expected. Refer to the GCU Academic Writing Guidelines in the savant Success Center. Give a brief summary after each passage listed below.Knowledge2 Timothy 314-17 writings that those who followed Christ would be accepted by God 2 Peter 121 those that believed, followed what God said Hebrews 11 God taught his people everythingPsalm 19 Even though God cant talk back to us, he can hear everything that we speak of. Write 2-3 sentences explaining how the four passages above cleverness shape the Christian worldview Through all of lifes lessons we have one person to thank and thats God. He is always there when we fatality him, even though he may not be able to give us the answers we be looking for h e will lead us in the right path. Give a brief summary after each passage listed below.PurposeGenesis 37-50 Ecclesiastes 31-13 God has created a tail and clock for all of us. No depicted object what situation we are in, he will always be there for us Romans 828-39 No matter what happens to us God has a purpose for us, and will always show our love towards him Write 2-3 sentences explaining how the three passages immediately above might shape the Christian worldview Explains to us that no matter what happens in life, God is always there. He will never give us something we cant handle. He has a purpose for everyone, even though we may not understand it at the time we will make it through. See Part 2 of this assignment on the next page.Part 2 Journal on SufferingUse the space below to compose a journal of 250-500 words on misfortunate by answering the following Describe a time when you entered a prolonged period of agony and how you responded in body, soul, and spirit. In other words, how did you deal with that time mentally, emotionally, physically, and spiritually? What did you run to in order to find comfort and to ease the stress and pain of that trial? In what ways did that time challenge, refine, or defend your worldview? APA is not required for this assignment but solid academic writing is expected.A time where I entered a prolonged period time of suffering was when my grandpa passed away September 8, 2009. I was only 21 years old, and I spent the last week of his life by his side in a nursing home. Grandpa and I were very close, and I cherished every moment we spent together. During his last week my aunt and cousin (whom are witnesses) went over a bunch of different scriptures each night and they would explain the meanings behind them and why they were so important for us to read at that time. The twenty-four hour period of his funeral I cried and felt so empty inside until I walked into the church. Even though I cried throughout the whole funer al service, I felt a angle lifted off my shoulders. It was one of the hardest times I have ever had to deal with. Weeks, even years have passed, we have lost seven to a greater extent family members since then, and I still cant overcome the fact that my grandpa is no longer with us.My heart still feels like it has a part lacking(p) and it wont ever be full. I eventually turned to my cousin and aunt down in Tennessee to talk about everything that I was feeling. It helps a little bit but its still very hard. One thing that I found myself turning to for the first year after grandpas termination was alcohol. At the time I thought it was going to help me stop feeling the way that I was. Soon I found out that it was skillful making things worse. So to keep myself busy, and to keep me away from turning to alcohol I started working more, hanging out with friends at home instead of the bars, and I also got back into school. I dont feel like grandpas passing changed/refined/ or confirmed my worldviews at all. With my aunt and cousin be witnesses, they would talk about the differences with how they read the bible and the Christians read the bible which made me do a lot of thinking on things, but it never changed my worldviews.

Develop Road Safety Culture

Transportation is one of the basic things that people use and need in their bothday lives. We use different modes of transportation interchangeable airplanes, trains, boats, cars, and motorcycles. But the most abundant and commonly used of these are the cars, buses, and motorcycles. This is the reason why there are a lot of vehicular accidents that happen all(prenominal) day. It may be caused by a lack of discipline of the attemptr, refusal to follow traffic rules, or poor infrastructure. Vehicular accidents usually lead to injuries or eve death.However, there are traffic laws that may prevent these kinds of accidents to happen, exactly it is still up to the driver to follow these rules. Every day when we open the newspaper we occupy about many bridle-path accidents. Millions of people nowadays are killed of accidents. But did anybody try to analyse the reasons of this serious problem? How to avoid this much of accident every day? Who is responsible for it? How jackpot we ma nage to decrease the danger & effects of these accidents? How can we develop a system where the road asylum culture can easily inherit? Simply its by understanding our road gumshoe rule regulations.The only solution to avoid these kinds of problems is to develop a road safety culture in general people so that they follow the sentry duty rules and obey the laws of Traffics. Many people are non learning about road safety at their schools. In my feel, I see that we must educate our children in young ages about road safety how to safe ourselves when we are walking in the road. Many of our children go to schools by foot when their schools are not far away from their houses. This is not only the teachers responsibility as well as their parents responsibility too.Apart of this the G all overnment also has too look very deeply into the roads infrastructure and creates the different lines as per the category of the vehicle and Zebra crossing with the attendants who allow for help ne edy people to cross the roads. I understand that nobody want to have an accident in his life. And nobody wants anyone to appoint him. In my opinion there are two major reasons for this high soma of accidents, speed carelessness. So we must advise drivers to drive on the limits of the local roads accuse them or their families when the reason of accident was because of high speed driving.Drivers must be well educated regarding road safety what to do what not to do. This is also not enough to control the speed, Government need to take a strict action about this to create a low that the people should fear to drive very fast or beyond the speed limit. Normally once the License if granted to one person that is valid for next 15 years, but I think it should be reduced to 5 Years and after 5 Years he has to give again the written and driving canvass for the renewal of the Licenses. Many people are killed, left seriously injured incapacitated for life. Why?Because many teenagers drive without license, drives fast careless regarding this issue, talking over phone while driving, non-maintained vehicle or drunk. All the signals at least should have CCTV cameras so that is any one breaks the signals can capture by Camera. RF IDs should be installed in every car so that by the help of speedometer the speed and the details of the car can be captured easily. Huge number of the Traffic control Cops need to be appointing so that before thinking of breaking any traffic rules any one can see the behavior of the cops also to punish.These are the least not last Road safety tricks we just need to remember whatever we learnt and follow these rules and I think to derive a Culture to follow the Road safety rules Media, campaign, Education system and the strict rules can help us to develop and a Road Safety Culture in Modern era. If we all contribute to create a society where everyone just follow the rules and also help others to follow Road safety rules then very soon I think a Culture will automatically develop and which will automatically inherit to our children.

IFRS vs ASPE Essay

Inventory is defined as assets held for sales agreement in the general course of business, in the process of production for such sale, or in the form of materials or supplies to be consumed in the production process or in the rendering of services. The cost of inventory is measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The IFRS accounting for inventory is generally converged with ASPE. The only expiration between IFRES and ASPE in the accounting for inventory is with borrowing costs. Since some inventory products require significant manufacturing time (qualifying assets), a manufacturer will finance its direct costs by borrowing money. Under ASPE we can choose to capitalize borrowing costs relating to inventory that takes substantial time to get it ready for sale. In comparison with IFRS, borrowing costs associated with qualifying assets are capitalized.Financial Assets financial assets refer to any asset that is cash, an equity instrument of another entity, a contractua l right, a contract that will or may be settled in the entitys own equity instruments. The main differences between IFRS and ASPE exist for scope, classification, and step of financial assets. IFRS uses four categories of financial assets fair value by dint of profit or loss (FVTPL), held-to-maturity (HTM), loans and receivable, and available for sale.ASPE does not use the four categories to group the financial assets. Instead, investments are categorized by their nature equity, debt, and derivatives. For the reciprocal arrangements perspective, IFRS distinguishes joint operations from joint ventures and require proportionate consolidation for joint operations and the equity mode for joint ventures. ASPE, on the other hand, does not distinguish between joint operations from joint ventures and uses the term joint venture to refer to both types of joint arrangements. ASPE allows the proportionate consolidaton, the equity method, and the cost method without any preference for any o f them. Another difference between these two accounting standards is the accounting for available for sale investments.IFRS requires that available for sale investments be carried at fair value with unrealized gains or losses going through other comprehensive income, whereas in ASPE at that place is no concept of other comprehensive income. Portfolio equity investments (PEI) also need to be recorded at fair value in IFRS with the unrealized gains or losses recorded through net income if PEI is categorize as held for trading and if classified available for sale unrealized gains or losses flow through other comprehensive income.In comparison with ASPE, equity investments quoted in active market are measured at fair value with gains or losses going through income. Equity investments not quoted in an active market should remain at cost, subject to impairment. Finally, investments in debt under IFRS may be classified as HFT, AFS, or HTM with an amortized cost method that uses the effe ctive interest method. This is not the case under ASPE. ASPE uses both the effective interest method and the straight cable method.

Effect Of Client Choice Therapist Health And Social Care Essay

It is estimated that 11 % of consumers of outpatient psychic health services and 19 % of inpatient mental wellness consumers meet standards for marginal temper Dis enounce ( BPD ) , and of persons run intoing clinical standards for a personality upset, 33 % of outpatient and 66 % of inpatient persons appear to run into standards for the B pointline status ( Linehan, 1993a ) . The B devoteline status is characterized by a permeant form of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early maturity and nowadays in a assortment of contexts ( American Psychological Association, 1994. P. 280 ) . To to the full run into standards for BPD, an gugglele must expose this form in at least five of nine countries. One of the standards for diagno twaddle of the Borderline status is perennial self-destructive behaviour, gestures or menaces or self-mutilating behaviours and there is a reasonably big sub pigeonholing of persons with B PD who engage in these parasuicidal behaviours. Marsha Linehan developed Dialectical Behavior Therapy ( DBT ) in an attempt to assist these persons learn to modulate their senses and delete down suicidal and parasuicidal behaviours.Dialectic Behavior Therapy is an evidence-based pattern that has been used efficaciously to handle persons with BPD and is deriving popularity in the psychiatric community. DBT encumbrance is comprised of both virtuoso therapy and hebdomadal accomplishments groups ( Scheel, 2000 Linehan, 1993a ) . DBT is focused on the thought that many of the troubles faced by persons with BPD root from an person s inability to efficaciously modulate their emotions. Linehan s biosocial theory provinces that persons with the Borderline status had early experiences with societal environments that were annuling which hampered their ability to efficaciously pull off and cover with feelings of intense emotions ( Linehan, 1993a Scheel, 2001 Crowell, Beauchaine, & A Li nehan, 2009 ) . DBT pulls from many different schools of thought including client-centered, psychodynamic, and gestalt and in like manner mixes in constructs from Eastern and Zen doctrines. At its nucleus is the dialectic of credence and alteration and happening a difference amongst the cardinal is the ultimate end to reconstructing map. In traditional DBT interpellation the relationship amidst the healer and the client is a larger focal mastermind than what would be traditionally rig in other cognitive behavioural therapies ( Scheel, 2001 ) .DBT intervention consists of hebdomadal groups accomplishments developing in faculties such as heedfulness, interpersonal effectualness, emotion ordinance and hurt tolerance, hebdomadal person therapy with a DBT dexterous healer, and telephone conversations among the client and healer as needed ( McKay, Wood, & A Brantley, 2007 Sheel, 2001 ) . Individual DBT therapy Sessionss care for three prioritized intervention marks self-d estructive behaviours, therapy interfering behaviours and increasing accomplishment development ( Shell, 2001 ) . In affix to the supports available to clients, there is a hebdomadal sense of hearing meeting for healers supplying DBT intervention. The liveliness of this group is to supply healers supplying DBT intervention a topographic diaphragm to parcel out experiences, solicit feedback from their equal group and serve well as a manner to assist the healer maintain the non-judgmental attack that is required of DBT intervention ( Scheel, 2001 ) .While explore has memorialisen DBT to be effectual in cut downing the parasuicidal behaviours of clients with BPD, the thought that a client leave behind hold to go forth their pre-established relationship with a current intervention squad in order to come in into intervention with a DBT trained healer may ensue in people non come ining into this intervention. St. Luke s House, Inc. a public mental wellness bureau in Montgomery Co unty Maryland, operates a residential group place for adult females with BPD. This place gives DBT therapy in both the residential and the outpatient mental wellness scene. A ground frequently cited by consumers for non come ining into this plan is the involuntariness to go forth their current intervention squad. This research device pull up stakes analyze the effect on intervention efficaciousness of DBT intervention when clients are al misfortunateed to keep a curative relationship with a non-DBT trained intervention squad while mint parting in hebdomadal DBT accomplishments group.Literature ReviewA reappraisal of the bing literature of client smack in intervention and Dialectical Behavior Therapy revealed many important findings every bit devout as some spreads in bing research.Client ChoiceIn finishing a hunt utilizing several databases including PSYCHINFO, EBSCO, psychological science and Behavior and ERIC there were really few create surveies that examined the functio n client set up played in intervention effectivity and results. Of the consequences re warped, the most recent published persuasion was in 1988 analyzing the principle and deductions of client pick of healers. Interestingly the research demonstrates clearly that leting clients to take their preferable method of therapy and preferable healer neither addition or diminish intervention efficaciousness, showing that at its worst, client pick would ensue in every bit effectual intervention results ( Ersner-Hershfield, Abramowitz, & A Baren, 1979 Manthei, 1983 Manthei, 1988 Manthei, Vitalo, & A Ivey, 1982 ) . Additionally, Ersner-Hershfield et Al. demonstrated that a higher per centum ( 71 % ) of persons who were allowed to take their healer really showed up for their first concession compared to persons who were assigned ( 45 % ) . Studies into the function of fiting clients with their preferable therapy path in therapy do besides pointed to a defect in the system in that freque ntly the matching is done by the clinic and non the client ( Manthi et al. ) . Manthei et Al. investigated the effects of client pick of healer on therapy results by comparing results between a group of clients who chose their healer and two other groups of clients who were assigned healers by a clinical manager. The survey did non give consequences that demonstrated better results for persons who chose their healer, provided the informations did non demo statistically important poorer results for this group, bespeaking that leting a client to take their healer would non in itself pose a hazard to intervention effectivity. While there is small informations to demo that intervention results are increased with client pick of healer or therapy, the information does show that clients who play at least a little function in taking their healer or therapy, behave more(prenominal) positive feelings about their healers, keep on in therapy thirster and were by and large more satisfied wi th therapy ( Manthei, 1988 ) . There have been suggestions to supply clients with information about available options and allow them take which they would handle to take part in ( Manthei, 1988 ) . The function of consumer pick in intervention is consistent with grounds based best patterns and current Social Work value focused on liberty and farther research in this country is indispensable.DBT TherapySince its origin Dialectical Behavior Therapy intervention has been deriving widespread attending as an grounds based best pattern in the intervention of self-destruction efforts and self-injurious behaviours among persons diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder. DBT was developed in response to the trouble handling continuing sociality and self-injurious behaviours in adult females with BPD in traditional intervention scenes. It was designed to be an outpatient intervention comprised of four major constituents 1 ) superstar psychotherapeutics hebdomadally 2 ) group skills de veloping hebdomadally 3 ) telephone audience with the healer as needed and 4 ) hebdomadal audience squad meetings for the healers and accomplishments group leading ( Linehan, et al. , 2006 Soler, et al. , 2009 Chen, Matthews, Allen, Kuo, J. R. Linehan, M. M. , 2007 ) . Of the four surveies reviewed, three demonstrated important decrease in self-injurious behaviours and self-destruction efforts ( Bohus, et al. , 2004 & A Linehan, et al. , 2006 ) among other cardinal standards of BPD. Carter, Willcox, Lewin, Conrad, and Bendit ( 2010 ) note several grounds they were likely futile to retroflex old findings including deficiency of equal preparation in DBT methods, low attachment to DBT techniques and methodological differences in measuring. Additionally, Carter et Al. identified a shorter continuance ( 6 months vs. 12 months ) of intervention as a possible factor though Bohus et Al. demonstrated effectivity in three months of inpatient intervention. Overwhelmingly the research po ints to the effectivity of the DBT synopsisive eyeshade in cut downing suicide efforts and self-injurious behaviours among persons diagnosed with BPD. There have been limited randomised surveies to analyze the effectivity of inmate DBT compared to the traditional outpatient DBT theoretical account and farther research is needed in this country, including follow-up with patients who received inpatient DBT and non-DBT outpatient intervention following discharge.AdaptationsWith the documented success of DBT intervention with persons diagnosed with BPD, human service suppliers of path sought to spread out the application to other diagnostic groups and populations and experienced varied consequence. DBT intervention has been expanded and modified for the intervention of binge-eating upsets and binge-eating syndrome nervosa ( Chen, et al. , 2008 Safer, Robinson, & A Jo, 2010 ) , victims of domestic ill-treatment ( Iverson, Shenk, & A Fruzzetti, 2009 ) , aggression in correctional sc enes ( Shelton, Sampl, Kesten, Zhang, Trestman, 2009 ) , adolescent populations ( Wasser, Tyler, McIlhaney, Taplin, Henderson, 2008 ) , post traumatic emphasis upset ( Wagner, Rizvi, & A Harned, 2007 ) , and opprobrious behaviour ( Waltz, 2003 ) to call a few. Adaptations of DBT to these populations have non examined the function of client pick of healer in intervention and all modified intervention while keeping the doctrine of DBT single therapy. The surveies replicated old findings in that mark behaviours were importantly reduced utilizing the DBT theoretical account which included accomplishments group weekly in add-on to single therapy. Across the board the literature pointed to significantly lower drop-out rates among the groups having some signifier of DBT intervention.While traditional DBT intervention stopping points for 12 months, Chen et Al. ( 2008 ) limited the intervention continuance to 6 months but were able to show effectivity during that clip period. Other versions to the traditional theoretical account of DBT intervention include the rule of group merely over the fall apart of 12 hebdomads ( Iverson et al. , 2009 ) with no single therapy, and the comparing of DBT accomplishments preparation and standard group therapy ( Soler, et al. , 2009 ) which is important to this research proposal because it demonstrates the effectivity of implementing DBT in a group scene.Shelton et Al. ( 2009 ) run aground that 16-weeks of DBT intervention significantly reduced aggression in correctional scenes instantly following intervention and at 6 and 12 month follow-ups. Although traditional DBT intervention has been focused on grownups chiefly due to the standards of BPD necessitating an person to be of big age, some versions have been made to implement this intervention with striplings with some success ( Wasser, et al. , 2008 ) . Wasser et Al. compared the usage of DBT intervention to standard curative surroundings in a residential scene. While the consequ ences were non every bit important as in other surveies, DBT was found to be more effectual at handling depressive symptoms in the young person. These surveies all point to successful versions of the traditional DBT theoretical account.Critique and Future look intoThe literature reviewed demonstrated that DBT, even in an altered signifier is an effectual intervention attack for cut downing parasuicidal behaviours in persons with BPD, every bit untroubled as turn toing mark behaviours in other populations. There is farther research needed in the country of client pick in therapy effectivity and results. While some versions have been made to the mark population of DBT intervention, small attending has been paid to the function of client pick of healer in DBT intervention.This research proposal hypothesizes that utilizing a non-DBT trained healer pass on be every bit as effectual in cut downing suicide efforts and self-injurious behaviours as utilizing a DBT trained healer when comb ined with hebdomadal DBT accomplishments group. Further surveies into the effectivity of client pick in healer are needed and merely more pull wiresled experiments exit increase the organic structure of cognition in an attempt to do DBT intervention more widely accepted and available to persons enduring with dysregulated emotions and sing parasuicidal behaviours.MethodsResearch DesignThis research proposal will utilize a authoritative experiment design and will use the Suicide judge and Self-Injury hearing ( SASII ) to the control and experimental groups as a pre- and post-test bar of self-destruction efforts and self-injurious behaviours. The hypothesis of this research proposal will be tested by comparing the post-tests between the experimental and control groups at the terminal of the survey. The survey will be conducted at both the Bethesda and Silver Spring outpatient mental wellness clinics of St. Luke s House, Inc. in Montgomery County, Maryland.In this survey the contro l group will have traditional DBT intervention including single therapy by a DBT trained healer, and the experimental group will go on therapy with the intervention squad they have a preexistent relationship with. Both groups will have hebdomadal DBT accomplishments group and no group will hold single therapy Sessionss terminated as portion of this survey.Assignment to the control and experimental group will be done utilizing random assignment and barricading to guarantee that the groups are every bit indistinguishable as possible. Participant blocks will be determined by tonss on the SASII and separated by high and low tonss so that there is an every bit equal as possible representation of scope in parasuicidal behaviours in both groups. Participants in to each one block will be indiscriminately assigned to the control and experimental groups. Following the assignment into control and experimental groups, the survey participants will so be indiscriminately assigned to one of four accomplishments groups sing that the control and experimental groups are every bit consistent as possible.Because this research proposal uses a authoritative experimental design, menaces to internal cogency will be minimized and should non show a job with generalising the findings ( Montte, Sullivan, & A DeJong, 2008 ) . The survey will watch of field experiments, as the intervention will be conducted in traditional curative scenes and group skill developing groups will take topographic point at the clinics so hazards to external cogency that might originate from the experimental scene will be addressed. There is some hazard of reactive effects of proving due to the pre-test at the beginning of the survey and in an attempt to turn to the hazard of an unrepresentative sample, barricading and tracking kale Numberss for both groups will be completed. at long last external cogency could be solidified through reproduction of the survey over clip and with different populations ( Monet te et al. , 2008 ) .SamplingThe proposed research survey will utilize 50 survey participants each of whom will be consumers of mental wellness services in Montgomery County, Maryland. One half of the participants ( n=25 ) will be assigned to the control group and one half will be assigned to the experimental group. Persons who meet study standards described below will be recruited from community mental wellness centres in Montgomery County Maryland and referred to the survey by a accredited mental wellness passe-partout. As portion of the enlisting scheme, persons will be certified of the constituents of DBT intervention and accomplishments groups and will be informed of the nature of the research survey. Persons will be given information sing referral to the survey to supply their single healer if they are interested in take parting in the survey. Persons will be assured of namelessness, be provided with transcripts of the HIPPA processs and informed that network is voluntary. P ersons will be informed that while assignment to the control and experimental groups will be done by random assignment, all participants will have DBT accomplishments developing groups hebdomadally. Study participants will have no compensation for take parting in the survey other than the services provided and will be informed that they can drop out of the survey at any clip for any ground.Persons between the ages of 18-35 who meet DSMIV-TR standards for Borderline Personality Disorder and have a history of at least 2 suicide efforts within the last 5 old ages and a history of at least 3 or more inpatient psychiatric hospitalizations per twelvemonth will be considered for the survey. Exclusion standards for this survey include mandated intervention, co-existing idea upset, substance maltreatment upset, mental slowness or any ictus upset necessitating medicine or ongoing monitoring. The exclusion standards are of import in this survey to guarantee the voluntary engagement of persons in the survey and to protect against the immaterial inconstants that might be related to medicine for ictus upset such as Depakote, which has besides been used as a temper stabilizer and has the possible to skew the consequences of the experiment.The research squad will utilize instance histories, written referrals from accredited clinicians, medical records and history, and a lamentable background cheque to verify eligibility for the survey. The Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence will be used to govern out mental deceleration.Study ProcedureThe intent of this survey is to prove the effectivity of DBT accomplishments group as a auxiliary intervention mode to non-DBT single therapy. Traditional DBT intervention requires persons to suspend bing relationships with healers and head-shrinkers who are non trained in DBT intervention. This research survey proposes to analyze the consequence on intervention effectivity of leting consumers to keep relationships with a intervention squad that is non trained in DBT. prior(prenominal) to the survey, two clinicians from St. Luke s House will be selected and become certified to present DBT therapy. Prerequisites for enfranchisement as a DBT healer include a professional grade, province licence or tantamount and preparation in DBT as outlined in Appendix A. Additionally the enfranchisement procedure consists of a written and unwritten test to measure the appliers apprehension of the DBT doctrine and constituents and to verify the person s ability to efficaciously supply the intervention ( DBT Certification and Accreditation, 2009 ) .In add-on to the two DBT certified healers, four staff members will be trained in facilitation the DBT accomplishments groups. Due to the strength of the accomplishments groups, the size of each group will be limited to a upper limit of 13 participants in each group and participants will be indiscriminately assigned to a accomplishments group from the control and experimental groups. These four facilitators will supply the hebdomadal accomplishments developing groups for all survey participants. Groups will be held at a set clip each hebdomad for 12 months and engagement will be compulsory. Participants who fail to go to at least 75 % of the accomplishments groups will be excluded from the research information as the effectivity of accomplishments group will non be able to be measured due to miss of engagement.Prior to entry into the survey, participants will be administered the SASII by their single healer. Instruction manuals for administrating and hiting the SASII will be provided to each healer prior to the execution of the survey. As participants either leave the accomplishments groups due to attrition or finish the turn of modes, the SASII will be administered once more and consequences will be compared to the tonss at admittance. The mannequin of accomplishments groups attended will be reported on the post-tests as intimately particularly in instances of abrasion so that the research workers can measure whether abrasion rates for either of the groups could hold an consequence on the consequences ( Monette, et al. , 2008 ) .Study Variables and MeasurementsThe autarkic variable in this research proposal is the type of therapy the single receives. This variable will be measured nominally as either DBT trained healer ( command group ) or non-DBT trained healer ( experimental group ) . Each group will have one hr of single therapy and 2 hours of group accomplishments developing hebdomadally. Each of the accomplishments groups will follow the theoretical account outlined by Linehan ( 1993b ) and use the same accomplishments manual, prep and schoolroom assignments.The dependant variable in this survey is the effectivity of non-DBT trained healers combined with hebdomadal accomplishments group on cut downing parasuicidal behaviours and will be measured utilizing the Suicide Attempt Self-Injury Interview ( SASII ) . The SASII ( once the Parasuicidal History Interview ) looks at a assortment of factors related to both suicide effort and self-injurious behaviour. This maltreat was rated as first-class in inter-rater dependability, and test-retest dependability, good in footings of concept cogency, and received a evaluation of adequate in the classs of content cogency and cogency generalisation ( Hunsley & A Mash, 2008 ) . The SASII is a 42-item step administered by a non-medical professional and is often used in surveies of persons with boundary line personality upset who display frequent self-destruction efforts or self-injurious behaviours ( Hunsley & A Mash, 2008 Linehan, Comtois, Brown, Heard, & A Wagner, 2006 ) . The major variables in this step include frequence of self-injurious behaviours, particulars and deadliness of the method used, badness of any physical effects ensuing from the self-injurious behaviours and medical intervention received ( Linehan, Comtois, et al. , 2006 ) .In footings of dependabil ity, the four graduated tables have been shown to be internally efficient with alpha coefficients runing from.64 to.86 and this step has an overall inter-rater dependability of.80 ( Brown, n.d. Hunsley & A Mash, 2008 Linehan, Comtois, et al. , 2006 ) . Cogency of this step was tested in a assortment of ways, most notably in the evaluations of method, deadliness and subsequent physical status. The SASII was designed to be administered by non-medical professionals and dependability between these interviewers and medical professionals was paramount. The measuring achieved.85 dependability coefficiency for deadliness of the method used and.93 for physical status following the event ( Linehan, Comtois, et al. ) . Additionally, the cogency of frequence counts ranged from 72 % to 86 % % when compared to clinical records ( Brown, n.d. ) . The standard version of the SASII will necessitate a drawn-out interview and there is a short version available every bit good and is included in Appen dix A.Datas AnalysisPre and Post trial tonss for each participant will be calculated and reviewed by the research squad. Statistical depth psychology will be completed utilizing SPSS for Windows and the hypothesis will be tested by utilizing a t-test to compare the average SASII tonss of the experimental and control groups. Because merely two variables are being compared, bivariate statistics will be used to depict the relationship between the dependant variable and the independent variable.IRB ApprovalIn order to obtain blessing from the UMB Institutional Review Board the research squad will finish the IRB initial application which includes a 200 word abstract sketching the intent of the research undertaking, designation, features and figure of the topics in the survey, the research procedures including transcripts of the SASII, an overview of possible hazards and benefits to the research subjects, guidelines for keeping confidentiality and obtaining informed consent and a reapprai sal of the usage of protected wellness information ( Institutional Review Board, n.d. ) . A modified version of the research proposal worksheet completed for this assignment could run into these demands.ReviewThis proposal has a figure of strengths and as a consequence has the possible to convey forth important consequences. The survey has an ample and manageable sample size and the usage of barricading, random assignment provides the best chance to hold homogenous control and experimental groups. There is a high potency to deduce a causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables because the survey was designed as a authoritative experiment. Because of the experimental design, menaces to internal cogency are besides virtually eliminated with the exclusion of abrasion which will be discussed as a possible restriction to this survey ( Monette, et al. , 2008 ) .While there are a figure of strengths with this survey, there are besides several restrictions that need t o be considered. This will be a reasonably drawn-out and dearly-won survey to transport out. The costs of developing two healers in DBT and four group skills leaders will be important. Additionally, traditional DBT intervention typically requires attending of accomplishments groups hebdomadally for the first 12-months, and while abrasion rates in DBT therapy tend to be lower ( Linehan, Comtois, et al. , 2006 Carter, et al. , 2010 Soler, et al. , 2009 ) , there is still a important hazard that abrasion will be a job long-run which will necessitate to be tracked, monitored and reported on continuously. There are other immaterial variables that have non been addressed in this research proposal. The background, preparation and experience of the single healers for the experimental group is unknown and since the hypothesis rests on an single being able to keep intervention with the supplier of pick, there is no manner to turn to this or to mensurate it beyond study of the healer. The po ssibility of reactiveness to pre and post testing does be and a Solomon experimental group was considered for this proposal, nevertheless it was of import to estimate the alteration in frequence and strength of parasuicidal behaviours so a baseline step was needed on all groups which precluded the usage of the Solomon 4-group design. The step chosen to measure outcomes has low prophetical cogency ( Hunsley & A Mash, 2008 ) so the ability to foretell future episodes of self-destruction efforts and self-injury is low. Future surveies in this country should utilize steps with some prognostic cogency as good which could dramatically better the significance and utility of the findings.Significance and DeductionsThe importance of this survey for progressing the field of Social Work and impacting the lives of persons who experience self-injurious behaviours is apparent. The proposed survey has the possible to add to the cognition base of the impact of client pick of therapy on interventi on effectivity and if it is able to be replicated and applied to different populations a major barrier to the execution of DBT intervention could be reduced. This survey has the possible to open DBT intervention up to many persons who would otherwise non see it because they would hold to go forth their current supplier. This survey besides has the possible to furnish single healers a auxiliary intervention in accomplishment development to help their clients with deriving the accomplishments needed to get down to larn to modulate their emotions without fall backing to self-injurious behaviours.On a more macro degree, community plans could get down to offer DBT accomplishments groups as a addendum to traditional outpatient patterns and because the intervention is done in a group format, the disbursals would be lower in footings of staff clip and election allotment compared to hourly single Sessionss each hebdomad. As demonstrated in the research, supplying clients picks in intervent ion will finally take to great happiness on the portion of the client, lower no-show rates and higher overall keeping of clients than mandating that a client leave their current supplier in order to have the group skills preparation offered through outpatient DBT accomplishments groups.From a policy point of view, mental wellness policy could be affected in footings of stressing client pick more in intervention options. Current policy tendencies are focused on autonomous attention and recovery based rules and by showing that consumer pick in healer has an at least equal consequence on intervention results could back up policy alteration to reflect a greater accent on pick.

Prevention of Teenage Pregnancy Policy in the UK

IntroductionThis essay will discuss the current policies in place to forbid jejune pregnancy in the United Kingdom. Firstly, it will introduce the key i worry of adolescent pregnancy and discuss it against the context of the problems it creates. The current puerile pregnancy policy will thence be presented and critiqued. Fin wholey, a number of recommendations and conclusion will be drawn.Definition and BackgroundAccording to the orb health face (WHO), teenage pregnancy is defined as pregnancy in a charwoman aged 10 19, whilst Unicef (2008) define it as conception occurring in a woman aged 13 19 (Unicef, 2008). On the basis of this definition, Unicef calculated that the teenage pregnancy rate in the UK is the highest in westerly Europe (Unicef, 2001), and aside from a slight decrement in the birth rate to teenage m differents during the 1970s it has remained relatively constant since 1969 (DoH, 2003). In 1999, the Labour G everyplacenments Social Exclusion Unit (SEU) pres ented its bill to parliament acknowledging the ground and seriousness of the problem, particularly with reference to damage to the mothers academic and locomote progression, and the health of the child.The National adolescent maternity schemaThe SEU implored the G overnment to commit to reducing teenage conceptions by 50% by 2010, and to treat the social excommunication of young mothers. To meet the starting time aim, the SEU championed improved informal nurture, some(prenominal) inside and step forwardside civilise and better gate to contraceptives. To achieve the guerilla, it recommended the useation of multi-agency disposal programmes intentional to interpret support in housing, education and raising.To implement the recommendations of the typography, the Government set up the adolescent pregnancy Unit (TPU), which was located in the part of wellness, but required topical anaesthetic governance (LA) to produce their ingest strategies to reduce teenage c onception by 50% by 2010, with an interim target of 15% by 2004. The majority of prevention strategies foc utilise on four key areas the use of mass media to increase sentiency of versed health, invoke and relationship education (SRE) in schools and community settings, easily available operate and discipline on sexual health and better-quality support for young parents to drop social exclusion (DCFS 2009). In 2000, the Department for Children, Schools and Family (DCSF) issued directives to all schools to find that SRE in schools aimed to enable young people to refer responsible and tumesce-informed choices rough their sexual lives and desist from risky behaviours which influence unintended pregnancy (DCSF 2009c). LA gave their strong backing to ensure inclusion of complete SRE programmes into personal and social education lessons in all schools (DfES 2006).The methods of administering SRE differed across LAs. For example, the services of sexual health specialists were stret ched outside clinical environment to encom pass schools and community settings. Programmes outside of the school environment were use to expose teenagers to the realities of parenting and the advantages of sensible sexual choices, and included Choose your Life, Body Tool Kit, Teens and Tots, and the Virtual Doll Plan. The vary needs of culturally diverse communities were measured, and programmes were tailored to meet them. In LA containing the most at-risk teenagers, advanced SRE plans involving parents, teachers, school nurses, teachers and vanguard staff were do. Southwark LA for example, sought to improve the information of young people on former(a)ish gestations, direct them to making reliable choices and in turn decrease the rate of teenage pregnancies ((NHS Southwark 2007 Fullerton et al 1997).The actions interpreted were in line with the goals and purposes of the agenda studies have demonstrated that teenagers value a forum to discuss sex and relationship issues, and muc h(prenominal) forums are beneficial as they decrease the chances of earlier sexual contact (Allen et al. 2007 Fullerton et al. 1997). Nevertheless, local differences occurred that hampered with the distribution of SRE in the schools in some areas. Not all schools embraced SRE in their teaching syllabus, some of the teachers were indefinite of the degree to teach and were either uncomfortable or awkward about young peoples sexual matters. Some schools had a syllabus that excluded social or emotional topics, which play an important situation (Chambers, 2002). Some areas included mixed sex classes these were less successful as some teenagers, particularly females, matte up inhibited (Stephenson et al. 2004). Additionally, some parents refused to support the policy and withdrew their children from SRE classes (Lanek, 2005). In reaction to these difficulties, the health & Social Care test Sub-Committee (2004) made further recommendations, emphasising the responsibility of schools ( particularly faith schools) to include SRE in the curriculum.Post 2010, the policy aims and objectives were to build on the existing system, and enable young people to receive the knowledge, advice and support they need from parents, teachers and other specialist to deal with the pressure to have sex, enjoy positive and caring relationships and have good sexual health.Policy fictitious characterBirkland (1984) and Lowi et al. (1964) have argued that knowing the type of policy one is dealing with will enable one to ring what may arise after the policy has been utilize. However, Wilson (1973) has criticized categorising policies, as some are in like manner complex to be so simply defined. This is a criticism that rotter be fiarly levelled at the policy under discussion, which is both(prenominal) preventive and self-regulatory. It aims to reduce and prevent pregancies to bridging health and education inequality gaps that teenage mothers face, reducing child poorness and reducin g the cost of teenage pregnancy on public funds. It is both diffusive and pragmatic distributive in that it permits benefit to a particular free radical (Birkland, 1984), and pragmatic in that it was designed to be applicatory and pop offable (Maclure, 2009).The Political ContextAccording to Leichter (1979) contextual factors that can affect policy production can be political, social, economic, cultural, national and international, with some factors becoming major contributors to the policy. fetching the example of international factors, Levine (2003) states that interdependency of nations with the equivalent social problem can affect the policy of the adopting nation takes to solve their problem. In the UK, international influences such as the European Union, WHO and countries facing the same high teenage pregnancy rate have all disturbed UK policy on the same issue (Baggott, 2007). As a member state of European Union, the regulation of our national law by the Union takes p riority in informing and sharpening our policies (Mclean, 2006).Politically in Britain, the teenage mother has come to symbolise social filiation. This began with the Conservative government in the 1990s, who first politicised the exclusive mother by describing her as typifying the prevalent moral standards (particularly amongst the lower social classes) that threatened society (Macvarish, XX). spare-time activity the election of the Labour party in 1997, this political perception was altered in line with the invigorated Labour vision a more than optimistic national mood teamed with traditional Labour views on social equality. Under this perspective, issues such as poverty and unemployment were viewed as symptoms of social exclusion whereby individuals were unfairly excluded from combat-ready fully in society. Such communities were to be viewed sympathetically instead of being blamed, and it was within this context that the outline evolved reducing teenage pregnancy was one w ay of making the excluded included (Macvarish XX).Against this backdrop of poitical ideology, the UK has a egalitarian system of government whereby decisions and policies are made based on the influence of the stakeholders. The teenage pregnancy scheme had pluralist influences including the director of public health, consultants in public health, the director of social services, specialist midwifes and parents of teenagers. These contributions were multi-level nationally, regionally and locally. At a national level, financial support and endorsement was provided by senior ministers, guidance and monitoring was provided at a regional level, and participation by young people and their parents provided the local input.Policy implementationImplementation is the help of turning policy into practice (Buse, 2005). The implementation of the teenage pregnancy policy was two mannikin the first launched in 1999 and depended on better sex education both in and out of schools, and improved access to contraception. The second phase came 10 years later in 2008 and relied upon different government programs designed to see teenage mothers with returning to education or training, gaining employment or providing support with other social factors such as housing.The implementation of teenage pregnancy policy was also top-down. The purpose of the policy was to reduce and prevent teenagers from becoming early(a) parents through support and increasing implementation of preventative guidance by the government and to combat social exclusion of teenage mothers. The policy can be seen to be self-regulatory because it was behavioral and aimed to provide the individual with the skills to make informed decisons regarding their sexual health (Bartle & Vass, 1998).There are additional factors that help to drive the implementation of policy actors in policy, and experts in the agenda. Actors generally are individuals with power that can be excercised through influencing policy. They may be lobby or pressure groups and can include politicians, civil servants, and members of an interest group (Buse, 2005).The inter-group communication of experts in the agenda setting was clear from the outset. The National guidance allowed the local areas to enlarge the scope of the policy using guidance. The involvement of local actors and the use of information from the local areas helped to motivate local action. Taking advantage of local knowledge or information facilitates matching policy to the specific needs of the teenagers. psychoanalysis of policy successStrategy implementation related successFollowing the publication of the policy, the earliest the strategy could begin to be implemented was early 2000, but this was highly dependent on the employment of local teenage pregnancy co-ordinators. By the tierce quarter of 2000, 75% of these posts were staffed, rising to virtually 100% in 2001 (TPSE, 2005). With regards the communication strategy, the percentage of local areas that used media campaigns to reinforce the messages of the national campaign grew steadily from 2% in 2000 to 40% in 2001 (TPSE, 2005). The number of areas with at least one sexual health service dedicated to young people increased systematically from 68% in 2000 to 84% in 2001, while support for young parents with emphasis on reintegration into work and training rose to 70% according to TPSE (2005). Over the course of the strategy, 10,000 teachers, support staff and nurses were trained to generate Personal, Social and wellness Education in schools (TPAIG, 2010).Prevention related successThe original ambition of the teenage pregnancy strategy was to achieve a 15% reduction in under-18 conception by 2004 and 50% reduction by 2010, accompanied by a downward trend in the under-16 conception rate (TPSE 2005). The first phase of the strategy came to an end after a period of ten years without achieving its entire target. In the early part of tits implementation, the policy appeare d to have moderate success. By 2002, the conception rate for under-18s had fallen by 9%, reversing the upward trend seen prior to the strategy implementation, and contrary to the relatively static evaluate observed over the past 30 years (TPSE, 2005). Success varied across the UK, but a steeper decline in conception rates in socio-economically deprived areas suggested that it had targeted the most at-risk areas. For example, Hackney council reported a decrease in the rates of repeated abortion from 49% to 27% in under-18s, and they report that the majority of under-16s report non having sex out-of-pocket to understanding of abstinence. How successful the policy had been depended greatly on how robustly it was implemented across various local areas. In general, there was a reduction in areas that have carried out proper implementation, with some areas able to report a 45% decline, while other areas performed poorly due to poor implementation, with no reduction, or in some cases, a n increase (TPAIG, 2010).However, the follow-up report Teenage motherliness Strategy Beyond 2010 found that the overall conception rate had fallen by 13.3% since 1998, falling well short of the projected 50% reduction. However the DoH add that births to under-18s had fallen by 25% over this period (DoH, 2010).They also point to the increase in access to sexual health services, information and advice as an additional indicator of success. The new phase goes beyond the original 10-year target, adding more content added to the policy, following an additive process according to TPSE (2005). Incrementalpolicy according to Lindblom (1993) is a major achievement that is attained as a turn out of small steps taken which guarded against policy disaster. However, the new phase exists within a humor of austerity. The current downtrend of conception rates in the under-18 age group will be difficult to adduce against a backdrop of disinvestment, which has already led to widespread closure o f specialist sexual health services for under-18s.Gaps in the policyIn applying teenage pregnancy policy to the present situation, it can be said that the policy did not really look inward into the situation that the country was facing. It looked at the success rate of other countries without tailor their measures to curb the problems specific to Britain. The policy is a social policy and as such it focussed on the social aspect of the problem without looking at the health issues that come with teenage pregnancy. Addiitonally, the time underframe given to meet its target of a 50% was too short. Teenage pregancy is inextricably linked to both poverty, a social issue too wide to tackle in one decade. It is also potently related to culture, and specifically the need to foster a culture of openess regarding sexual behaviour and health. This again is too complex to challenge in 10 years.RecommendationsIn the first instance, the coalition Government must address the shortcomings curren tly seen in sexual relation education (SRE). The former Government elected to not make SRE part of the compulsory curriculum, and as a result provision of SRE across the country is patchy. The Government should pass legislation ensure good practice such as SRE becomes compulsory. Additionally, refinements to existing SRE need to be made. In particular this should include devising ethnic and faith-based SRE programmes, which will better address the diversity of beliefs held in a modern multi-cultural Britain. Also, the deliberation of same-sex SRE classes should be completed and implemented (Fullerton et al 2001). More use should be made of robust team-working within communities, health sectors and schools in encouraging SRE, and the creative use and further training of more peer-educators to deliver the strategy within schools should be considered.Secondly, an approach which combines measures to prevent teenage conception and support teenage mothers must be in tandem to wider measu res to address poverty and social exclusion. The loss of the Education nutrition Allowance and the closure of many Sure Start centres disproportionately disadvantage the socio-economically deprived, and widen the gap in attainment between the rich and poor.Thirdly, the coalition government must be invested in making reductions to teenage pregnancy rates a priority. Ring-fencing of funds for specialist sexual health services and training in SRE must be guaranteed in order to not lose the small, but significant reductions in teenage pregnancy rates seen to date. Relatedly, strategies to address teenage pregnancy should be integrated into all future policies.Finally, the patchy nature of strategy deliverance across local authorities must be addressed. Areas that neglect to implement the strategy effectively should be identified, and supported according. Sharing of good practice across local authorities should be made routine.ConclusionsIn conclusion, this essay has outlined the teenag e pregnancy strategy devised in 1998, its primer and political context. It went on to discuss the outcomes of the first ten-year phase. At this point, it is still too early to say whether the second phase will meet its overall target, especially in the current economic climate, although the strategy pore attention on the problem and provided materials to help local, regional and national implementation of the strategy. As Britain remains a culturally diverse country, addressing this with regards teenage sexual health should remain a priority. 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