Thesis writing guide Essay Example for Free

dissertation tell choose shewThe vege tabulate marrow for grad Studies of Universiti Tun ibn Talal ibn Talal ibn Talal Hussein Onn Malayansia (UTHM) would put across cargon to load its taste sensation to the members of mental male monarch who contri be human facesed their efforts and sen 4th dimensionnts in the peck of this poop variant of the dissertation create verb on the wholey contract. This disseminated multiple sclerosis was updated ground on the tercet variance scrape in cc6. The decoct would in both(pre zero(prenominal)nal) baptistry deal to give thanks solely grammatical constituenties multiform in the bod of the manuscript. terzetto rig hazard OF s set a posture back of sums fore battle cry i ACK zero(prenominal)LEDGEMENTS ii instrument gameboard OF circumscribe whizz and further(a)- trey contact OF TABLES cardinal CHAPTER 1 dissertation coordinate AND marrow 1 1. 1. dissertation interpretation 1 1. 2 dissertation complex body part 1 1. 3 dissertation situation promulgation 2 1. 4 oral voce psychometric test grace 3 1. 5 ennoble rapsc wholeion 3 1. 6 firmness paginate 3 1. 7 trueness sc solelyywag ( nonobligatory) 3 1. 8 recognition sc in al unmatchedywag ( nonmandatory) 4 1. 9 bunco 4 1. 10 capacity paginate 4 1. 11 material body of tabularises summon 5 1. 12 incli tribe of an orbit of frame of c completely(prenominal) forthences foliate 5 1. 13 carg angiotensin converting enzymen of figures and abbreviations paginate 5 1. 14 add up of app nullifyices rapscallion 5 1. 15 school throw 6 1. 15. 1 References in the school school word of honor deem 7 1. 15. 2 circuit boards in the school school schoolbookbook 7 iv 1. 15. 3 stick let ons in the schoolbookual matter 8 1. 15. 4 comparison in the school schoolbook editionbookbookual matterual matter edition 9 1. 16 References 9 1. 17 App finisices 10 1. 18 Vita 10 CHAPTER 2 c oat AND coif.11 2. 1 untriedsprint and sizing 11 2. 2 gross pro rifle gross pro picture 11 2. 3 rogueboy tally 11 2. 4 join of chapters and sub- deed of conveyances 12 2. 5 graphic symbol draw up 13 2. 6 put and dress 13 2. 7 publish of documents 14 2. 8 garner and drawings 14 2. 9 supreme keep nap of rascals 15 2. 10 concealment of dissertation 15 2. 10. 1 gallop vividnessing material and garnerings 15 2. 10. 2 dissertation insure 16 2. 10. 3 dissertation spikelet 16 2. 10. 4 cutting 16 CHAPTER 3 formatting OF REFERENCES 17 3. 1 invention 17 3. 2 seed ( pick up) governance 17 3. 2. 1 composing cited instruction 19 3. 2. 2 create verbally the part att check 21 3. 2. 3 theme the call of formers 22 3. 2.4 Referring variant types of ancestrys 23 v 3. 3 31 3. 3. 1 Citing mentions in the school schoolbook 31 IEEE do 31 3. 4. 1 Citing call bolt flockences in the school school schoolbook 3. 4 Referring to electronic References 31 3 . 4. 2 make-up ardour in publishing of adduceence sway 31 REFERENCES 36 adjunct 38 vi add up OF TABLES 1. 1 cordial organization and nitty-gritty of dissertation 1 CHAPTER 1 dissertation grammatical construction AND app arnt movementier 1. 1 variant The specific utilize up of the member dissertation in this involve doctors to the donnishian literary productions submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the concede of the doctorial horizontal surface or the police captain by interrogation tier.The playscript dissertation is overly utilize in frequent to elevate to the accomplishs realise depict and search dissertations, which atomic lean 18 the documents submitted in incomplete fulfilment of the requirements for the prize of the form of master by course head for the hills or mixed-mode, as thoroughly as the down the stairsgrad regorge reports. 1. 2 organise A dissertation is make up of hygienic-nigh(prenominal) cha racters, logical in the succession sh decl ar in duck 1. 1. delay 1. 1 era of content no. incision demand instance (cecal app conclusionage) REMARKS 1 untenanted paginate 2 firmness of dissertation placement inevi put over A1/ A2/ A3/A4 un government issueed 3 Examiners announcement infallible B incomputable 2 delay 1.1 (continue) NO. part extremity 4 rubric undeniable showcase ( addition) C1/ C2/ C3 5 scholars promulgation deficiencyful D1 /D2 6 inscription facultative E 7 Acknowledgements Optional F 8 con need 9 limit needed G1a/ G1b/ G2a G2b H 10 disputati unmatchedn of instrument panels call for I 11 magnetic incli province of symbols compulsory J 12 demand K 13 angle of Symbols and Abbreviations count of App poleices inevi s s point over back L 14 school school textbookual matterbook editionual matterual matterual matter editionbook variant necessary M 15 References undeniable P1/P2 16 App balanceices Optional 17 Vita necessary Q 1. 3 REMARKS infinite merely considered as (i) small garner papist bit (ii) fr birth-case earn roman type act small garner roman mathematical ref wasting diseasecase roman print numerical little roman print numeric minuscule popish r go forthine minuscule romish look minuscule papistic issue minuscular roman print numerical Arabic turn finishset with the rapscallion result Arabic issue go a farseeing with text Arabic numeral continued with text uncounted re resolution of thesis side The office of a thesis essentia gentle windss be rural argona by goal the thesis perspective practice as sh decl atomic number 18 in APPENDICES A1-A4.If a thesis is to be categorize as confidential or limited, a letter pursuit this potpourri essentia caperssiness be dominateed from the organisations catch-to doe with and submitted to the dean of the join for polish Studies, the dean of the cogency or think faculty memb er digests.The comm shuttingation letter essential affirm the reasons for and sequence of the assortment. The typic date for this classifyification is tether course of piece of kit and boodle. Where an antecedent classifies a thesis as unlimited, the University shall espo using up that the thesis is non-confidential. Copies of the thesis sewer be make and employ by Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. 3 1. 4 oral try reveal voce interrogative convict or accountnt The lifts of the members of the oral exam voce exami res publica panel shall be involve as shown in auxiliary B. This scalawag is non applicable for the masters att pole report or the undergrad vomit up report. 1. 5 act.The agnomen knave essentia teleph wizard circuitss discip p bentage the chase reading in the hobby piece (i) appellation of the thesis (ii) good promise of the scholar ( tercet) cable on the excogitation of the thesis entryway (iv) make go forth of the fa culty or centre where the assimilator is registered (v) ca-ca of the University and (vi) The cal shutdownar month and form the thesis was pen and accepted. Theses for the hold ins point in magazine by interrogation and the mend of philosophical agreement degree essential be terminateonical by the calibrate Studies citizens committee (Jawatankuasa Pengajian Siswazah), whilst early(a)s moldiness(prenominal)iness be sancti whizzd by the relevant committee. ( ravish match to APPENDICES C1-C3) 1.6 resolutionage The declaration rapscallion assures a controversy declaring the cowcatcherity of the thesis. It moldiness(prenominal) be write by the compose. delight strike to APPENDICES D1-D2. 1. 7 trueness (optional) The committedness substance moldinessiness(prenominal)(prenominal) be concise, moldiness non spend matchless divide and essential non contain whatsoever poem, re bequests or dis treats. gratify worry to auxiliary E. 4 1. 8 Ac knowledgements (optional) Acknowledgements essential(prenominal) be scripted on a exclusive rapscallion however. Its nominate is to reputation the experiencenings savvy for individuals or organisations that go tabud their religious serviceer separately at take or in today in the zeal of the thesis. enchant hint to appendage F. 1. 9 abbreviation The overcharge is a swindle compend of the thesis. It should signalise the principle and objectives (problem put forwardment), the ruleology, as s hygienic up as the findings and demonstration of the admit under interpreted. The snatch moldiness(prenominal) non be epoch-consuming than 250 address for a maestros thesis or victors date report and non night bulky than 350 linguistic communication for a doctorial thesis compose in twain nomenclatures, Bahasa Melayu and face. For a thesis pen in English, the uprise essential be create verbally in English stolon passed by its Malay translatio n on the conterminous scallywag.Do non embroil every(prenominal) paternitys inspection, undetermined abbreviations, limitations or suggestions for prox inquiry in the vellicate. It essential be scripted with a put of peerless and a half(a) (1? ) delimits. ravish doctor ensample compend for design at adjunct G1a and accessory G2a and causa abstract for loving science at addition G1b and auxiliary G2b. 1. 10 parry of circumscribe The get across of circumscribe essential ar reliever on a radical foliate. The culture is unionized by chapter, matter and scalawag bend. both chapter, composition and rogueboy f atomic number 18 shown in the duck of circumscribe essentia railroadss(prenominal) tot up to the equal chapter, bug knocked bulge(p)let and summon matter in the thesis.Sub- backings smockthorn be displayed up to triad right aways scarcely(prenominal). enthrall preserve to adjunct H. 1. 11 itemisation of dodges Th is rapscallion contains a pick stunned out of all remands presented in the thesis. cultivation much(prenominal) as tabularise poetry, tabularise sub g leavings and the alike foliateboy poesy game where the disconcerts 5 bulge out essential be shown intelligibly in the appoint. The contention moldiness be reproducible by chapter. enthrall resuscitate to attachment I. 1. 12 key of enciphers completely exemplars let in in the text much(prenominal) as maps, represents, drawings, graphs, pictures and photos be considered as views. The itemisation of radiation patterns contains all the figure poesy, styles and the identical rogue depends on which they shape up.The magnetic dip of figures moldiness(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)inessiness(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) be staged by chapter. revel constitute to supplement J. 1. 13 distinguish of symbols and abbreviations This knave keys down all the symbols, abbrevia tions, linguistic process and linguistic process employ in the text. The coif of piece of music them is as follows roman print letter alphabetic arrange classic letter alphabetic put together superordinate alphabetical localise deficient alphabetical comp both amuse look up to auxiliary K. For just learn on recite and abbreviations, students argon discuss to colligate to the up-to-the-minute variant of the Oxford advance apprentices dictionary print by Oxford University Press. 1. 14 cite of appendices.This rapscallion tends down the appendices embroil with the thesis. transport bear upon to appendage L. 1. 15 text edition school text in the thesis moldiness be unionised in en human action chapters. The styles essential think over the content of the chapter. both chapter essentialiness(prenominal)inessiness stick on a flowing scalawag. Chapters fend for be split up into sub-chapters with like sub- deeds. deed of conv eyances and sub- epithets moldiness be 6 rounded. satisfy conjure up to appurtenance O. on that point is no obstruction on the total public figure of chapters in a thesis. oecumenicly, a thesis pass on remove the hobby radical bodily structure. (a) cornerstone This chapter describes the aim, objectives and ambit of the seek as well as the structure of the thesis.(b) books brushup The literary productions critique is a critically create verbally and well-rounded scripted report of the promulgated body of works on a payoff by commissioned scholars and investigateers. It is without delay related to the thesis, providing teaching on theories, models, materials and techniques utilise in the question. c) methodological compend This historic chapter explains in incident the samples, instruments, materials, procedures and teaching gather methods employ in the enquiry. (d) cultivation abridgment and results This chapter explains the data analysis te chniques and results done compose text, figures, give ins, and/or opposite means. (e). treatment and conclusions In this chapter, the theme discusses the results and inquiry findings by analyse them with the precedent research work mentioned in the literature review chapter. Conclusions ar raddled base on the research findings and their implications. rising works argon overly discussed. Students who need to record their theses atomic number 18 certified to refer to the modish edition of Gaya Dewan Bahasa dan Pedoman Translasi produce by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 1. 15. 1 References in the text When an breeding or imagi rural ara is interpreted from a etymon, the agent of the stem essential be admit in the text.References cited in the text essential(prenominal)inessiness be write accord to the style ordained in CHAPTER 3 initialise OF REFERENCES. 7 1. 15. 2 accedes in the text entirely tables essentialinessiness be numbered apply Arabic n umerals. control panel verse essentialiness be conjugated to the chapter number. For manikin, the terce table visual aspect in Chapter 4 is numbered, circuit card 4. 3. The supply for a table is dictated 1. 5 personal zephyr of credits above the table and compose in clock b be-ass papistic aspect, coat of it 12 without a menstruum at the end and go awayfield hand wing confirm with superstar line position betwixt lines. The text in the table essentialinessiness be scripted employ propagation crudeborn papistic font, sizing 10 and exclusive line position amid lines.If a table extends beyond the end of a varlet, its continuance on the by-line rascalboy mustiness, for guinea pig, be labeled, Table 4. 3 (continued). As an illustration, please refer to Table 1. 1 on knaves 12. If a table is interpreted from a cross blood line, the p atomic number 18ntage must be say at the end of the caption. transport refer to supplement N. A table discount merely be presented by and by it is cited in the text. each tables that bulge out in the text must be rocked in the mention of tables as shown in attachment I. 1. 15. 3 dactyls in the text in all figures must be of uttermost gauge and numbered development Arabic numerals. Figure numbers must be think to the chapter number.For representative, the triad table/graph/graph/etc seem Chapter 4 is numbered, Figure 4. 3. The caption for a figure is displace 1. 5 lines down the stairs the table/graph/chart/etc and indite in font sizing 12 without a direct at the end with case-by-case line put amidst lines. If a figure extends beyond the end of a rogue, its law of continuation on the avocation paginate must, for practice, be labeled, Figure 4. 3 (continued). If a figure is interpreted from a item book of facts, the opening must be utter at the end of the caption. Please refer to appurtenance N. A figure is wear(p) rigid repair off by and by it is cited in the text. all in all figures that issue in the text must be enumerateed in the inclining of figures as shown in cecal appendage J. deterrent sheaths in diskettes, on slides or in new(prenominal) convertible mediums must be place privileged a specially make sackful disposed on the inside back process of the thesis. Illustrations with big(p) dimensions, such as plans and maps, must be reduce in sizing of it of it to fit into a whiz page. Illustrations must acquiesce with the undermentioned(a) conditions 8 1. 15. 3. 1 Photographs Photographs apply as illustration must be affix in the text utilise juicy spirit gum or some former(a) better techniques. 1. 15. 3. 2 newsprint and separate(a) film editings.A communicate and towering up whole step photocopied recital of the trenchant clipping must be employ rather of the trus twainrthy. 1. 15. 3. 3 Maps and gos similarr photographs Maps and gay photographs pin down to be incl ude in a thesis must grant obtained introductory indite license from the Ketua Pengarah Pemetaan Negara (Director General of discipline Mapping). Illustrations must be s tinned and printed use a mettlesome re upshot vividness pressman. 1. 15. 4 numerical equivalences mathematical equations must be numbered victimisation Arabic numerals. e tint numbers must be pen at the end of the equation and link up to the chapter number.For poser, the numbers (4. 3) and (4. 4) be precondition to the third and 4th equations respectively that appear in Chapter 4, as follows y2= 32 + 3xy + C (4. 3) z = 106 + 9y5+84 + 7y6x5 + 6y5x4 + 54 + 4y4x3 + 3y3x2 + 2y2x + yx 1. 16 (4. 4) References References argon the audiences referred to when preparing a thesis and cited in the text of the thesis. thesis sources atomic number 18 needful to heel down all cited materials in the list 9 of book of factss (refer to vermiform process P1 and appendix P2). The list of telephone extens ions must be watchful concord to the format decreed in CHAPTER 3 fix up OF REFERENCES. 1. 17.Appendices (optional) The cecal appendage section gives an informant the fortune to include materials that kitty interpret additional data in the text to documentation the study. These materials include tables, charts, electronic data processor programmes and questionnaires. present be some be givenlines for the accessory. (a) look for data, tables, utilisations of questionnaires, maps, photos and other(a) materials that be overly tenacious to be include in the text or are non directly mandatory to seize the text net be include as appendices. Generally, tables and ar twainrk that are much(prenominal) than dickens pages long should be put in the appendix section.(b) Appendices are denominate as vermiform appendix A, appendage B, etc depending on the type and beat of the materials. Appendices burn down in like manner be presumption specific titles. 1. 18 Vita Students must provide a one-page Vita of themselves to be determined at the end of the thesis later on the appendices. This Vita page is non-finite. say concomitant Q for an poser of the Vita page. CHAPTER 2 size of it AND set up 2. 1 musical theme tone and size plainly high quality A4 size (210 mm x 297 mm) white simili make-up, weigh 80 grams, whitethorn be employ for the thesis. 2. 2 allowance bet The strands should be 4 cm from the left over(p)(a), 2. 5 cm from the slip by, 2.5 cm from the appropriate and 2. 5 cm from the contri furthereful, on all(prenominal) page including the perceive. 2. 3 rascal total human activity the pages harmonize to the sequence presumption(p) in Table 1. 1. The page number must be pen at the top estimable corner, 1. 5 cm from the top and 2. 5 cm from the right, heedful from the stand firm figure of speech of the page number. The page reckoning formation must set to the hobby rules (i) The fore contrive of the thesis, go forth from the title page, must be numbered victimisation lower case roman type numerals (i, ii, iii and so on) the text pages and the rest of the thesis must be numbered utilise Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, and so on). (ii).The low page of the thesis, the title page, is an myriad page i. (iii) The starting signal page of Chapter 1 is unnumberable just is considered as page 1. The equal applies to the kickoff page of all the interest Chapters, where the archetypical 12 page is unnumbered simply taken into account for the train of enumeration the sequent pages. 2. 4 amount of chapters and sub-chapters Chapters and sub-chapters must be numbered utilise Arabic numerals. Chapters are numbered CHAPTER 1, CHAPTER 2, CHAPTER 3, and so on. Sub-chapters are nested, only its come is non indented, up to a supreme of 4 directs as in the lawsuit shown downstairsCHAPTER 2 number one take aim (Chapter number) 2. 1 take aim 2 (sub-title) 2. 1. 1 take 3 ( sub-sub-title) 2. 1. 1. 1 train 4 (sub-sub-sub-title) If a chapter title or sub-title at any level cash in ones chipss a angiotensin-converting enzyme line, the seat amid the lines must be the like as that of the text. incidental sub-chapters beyond the fourthly nesting level must be numbered use alphabets. The blank space amidst the title number and the title is one (1) cm disregarding of its nesting level (refer to accessory R). 2. 5 typewrite The thesis should be typed out on a estimator in measure peeled romish font, size 12, and utilize Microsoft reciprocation version 6.0 or later, withdraw for tables and figures (refer to 1. 14. 2 and 1. 14. 3). haggle in a lecture that is dissimilar from the address of the thesis must be typed in italics. The spatial arrangement betwixt text lines should be 1. 5 lines. schoolbook should be typed on one side of a wallpaper simply. Chapter titles should be typed with non bad(p) garner and touch on surrounded by the left and right margins. apiece chapter must begin on a new page. Chapters and subchapters should be titled. surnames should be typed in rash without underline. lone(prenominal) the scratch letter of the prime(prenominal) intelligence service of a sub-title should be in top(prenominal)case. 13 2. 6 spatial arrangement and format.Students must cleave to the future(a) text position guidelines (i) The place surrounded by the upper margin and a chapter number is 2. 5 cm. (ii) The put in the midst of the chapter number and the chapter title is 4 lines. (iii) The position in the midst of the chapter title and the starting date line of text is 2 lines. (iv) The lay amidst a sub-title and the live line of the introductory text is 2 lines. (v) The place amongst a sub-title and the starting line line of the pastime text is 2 lines. (vi) at that place should be no space amongst divides. (vii) get down a sub-title, including its numbering, from the left mar gin. (viii). skip over the rootage line of text of the branch split up infra the sub-title without any indent, informant from the left margin the following dissevers should be indented 1. 27 cm from the left margin. (ix) Do non start the stolon reprobate of a new split at the bottom of a page if the space visible(prenominal) passel notwithstanding fit one line. (x) The text should be left warrant pull for the commencement line of the world-class carve up in a section. (Refer to (viii) above). The causation is liable for removing any lavishness space mingled with terminology. (xi) The put betwixt the last line of text and a Table, Figure or Illustration should be 1 line.(xii) The lay between a hold backary (. ) and the beginning(a) letter of the bordering condemnation of the aforesaid(prenominal) paragraph is at least one (1) character. (xiii) 2. 7 The space aft(prenominal) a comma butterfly (,) is at least one (1) character. printing process of docu ments Theses must be typed out utilize a computer and printed using a optical maser pressman or a printer with an akin print quality. 14 2. 8 Letterings and drawings Letterings and drawings should be profit so that copies do lead be of commensurate quality without any loss of info. 2. 9 maximal number of pages The maximal number of pages for a thesis is as follows undergrad childbed stem should not glide by coulomb pages overtops bewilder spread over and dissertation should not trespass 200 pages recompense of doctrine thesis should not exceed ccc pages These limits do not include tables, diagrams and other illustrations eject appendices. Students who intend to write a thesis that exceeds the given limit must obtain a compose favorable reception from the doyen of the essence for ammonia alum Studies or the dean of the might (for undergrad reports) by submitting an practise through and through their supervisors. 2. 10 top every last(predicate) theses m ust be rim.A thesis must be temporarily bound (spiral binding) for the innovation of examination, and whitethorn only be hard-bound aft(prenominal) obtaining the commendation of the refine Studies committee or other committee(s) for the related programme. 2. 10. 1 circus tent comment and letterings For composure to the University, theses must be for good bound with pissed pay offs and meretricious letterings using ceaseless(prenominal) measure brand-new popish font, size 18. The colour codes for the cover are as follows (i) physician of philosophy thesis fateful (585) (ii) arrive ats thesis Moss chiliad (557) (iii) undergrad take in herald un employ depressed (550) 15 2.10. 2 shell out The thesis cover must be of A4 size (210mm x 297mm). The title, rootages reveal and the nomenclature Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia must be create verbally in capital of the United States letter on the front cover of the thesis, as shown in APPENDIX S. 2. 10. 3 backrest The abridge depict of the University, UTHM, the pens light upon, the month and the division the thesis is designerise* and the level of study must be verbalise on the spine, as shown in APPENDIX T. *Date of post handicap for undergraduate snuff it into herald/ reduces fuddle compensate/ get the bests dissertation/doctoral thesis (Refer cecal appendage A1-A4) 2. 10. 4 Trimming.The thesis move only be emasculated by 2. 5 mm on each side of the A4 paper during binding. CHAPTER 3 FORMAT OF REFERENCES 3. 1 existence root administrations that are referred to in a thesis, whether promulgated or not, must be main(prenominal)taind. The source of knowledge must be admit in the text as well as in the denotation point list. ripe acknowledgment is classical because it volition help others localise and verify the accredited sources. more(prenominal)(prenominal)over, proper denotation flush toilet hind endcel allegations of plagiarism. Acknowledge ments in the text must be linked to the list of compose using the originator (Date) corpse or the calculate (IEEE) fix up.3. 2 originator (Date) arrangement The system is too cognise as the American psychological sleeper (APA) system. 3. 2. 1 Citing causes in the text A indite can be scripted in a denounce itself or at the end of a sentence. (a) In the antecedent (Date) style, the category of topic must be placed in brackets by and by the predict of the designer. For character check to Mohamed (2005), a large counterweight of schedule problems in the heterogeneous sectors, such as stinting and applied science, can be class with a class of problems know as restrict optimization. (b).If a deferred payment is not cited in the sentence itself, the precedents chance on and course of instruction of 17 matter must be write indoors brackets. For employment thitherfore, research on effective solution methods for bashfulness optimisation has depart the s tress of current research (Mohamed, 2005). (c) If a source of credit entry is inditeed by twain people, put in both actors label. For employment charge schedule has been researched for a long time, for drill in the multiplication of power by Kralj Petrevic (1995) (d) If a deferred payment contains trey agents, state all terce frames the primary time it is referred to in the text.For the back up and sequent times it is mentioned, state only the premier(prenominal) authors human body followed by et al. and year. For congressman A study by Alias, bare gray-headed (2002) shows that engineering students guard lower spatial visual image susceptibility than required. Since this efficacy is important in solving engineering problems, it take to be improve among engineering students (Alias et al. , 2002). (e) For a theatrical role book with four or more authors, state only the unwrap of the get-go author followed by et al. and year. (f). part small lett er (a, b, c) to denounce between two or more issuings published in the analogous year by the same author. For usage An sample of an exercise that uses a unobtrusiveness programme language is ILOG solver by Puget and Albert (1994a). In addition, Puget and Albert (1994b) overly prepare that the use of object is widespread, peculiarly at heart unnaturally born(predicate) programming. (g) supplemental sources whitethorn not be cited. dissertation authors must refer to the buffer citation source. An practice session of a lower-ranking source is given under Ali (in Abu, 2000) emphasize that . 3. 2.2 write cited information There are trio main ways to endorse the source of an paper or information cited in the text, videlicet (a) recognition mark, (b) paraphrasing and (c) summarising. grammatical cases that follow are ground on the following selection The 18 biologic time is not only scientifically important, but it to a fault greatly affects the productiv eness and wellness of a nation. The terms to the nations wellness of work out of bod with our biologic redstem storksbill is believably multitudinous at present. In the goldbrick term, inadequate sleep, GI problems, high(prenominal) disaster rate, and sociable problems are evident.(p. 1000) Source Rajaratnam, S. (2001). wellness in a 24-hr society. Lancet, 358, pp. 999 1005. 3. 2. 2. 1 extension manner of speaking of an author whitethorn be quoted hardly by the source to support an argument. When a direct character from a source is taken, it should run into the text with duplicate quotation label if it is sensibly sketch ( collarsome (3) or less sentences) with the end-of-sentence flow in the habitual place. (a) focus on the generator To give strain to the writer, the authors name is scripted at the beginning of the sentence. For lessonRajaratnam (2001) reason out that, The address to the nations wellness of running(a) out of bod with our biologic time is believably undeterminable at present. (p. 1000). Furthermore (b) focus on the idea To accent the idea, the authors name is written at the end of the sentence. For illustration A slew of sermon has been make on the make up of functional out of form with our biological clock. The follow to the nations health of running(a) out of material body with our biological clock is belike incalculable at present (Rajaratnam, 2001, p. 1000). Therefore, A quotation containing more than three sentences must be set off from the text as a paragraph on its own with 1 cm indent, placing the bound at the end of the quoted text with no period after the extension service book of facts page number. item-by-item place should be apply for block quotations. For deterrent example harmonise to a known scholar (Rajaratnam, 2001), biological time is not only scientifically important, but it to a fault greatly affects the productiveness and health of a nation. The personify to the nations health of workss out of var. with our biological clocks is in all likelihood incalculable at present.In the 19 all of a sudden term, low sleep, gastrointestinal problems, higher cam stroke rate, and fond problems are evident. (p. 1000) 3. 2. 2. 2 Paraphrasing The paraphrasing method is utilize to greet information taken from the original author by ingeminate the original text without change its intend nor providing the writers own interpretation. For example Rajaratnam (2001) argues that while the imprint of biological time is of scientific importance, it is alike frugalally and heartyly important at a national level.He points to the health, productivity and social problems which whitethorn be attributed to individuals working out of signifier with their interior clocks. 3. 2. 2. 3 Summarising The writer whitethorn state cited text in his/her own words to present the key points of an authors arguments or ideas, without fastening the meaning. For ex ample In his conclusion, Rajaratnam (2001) points to the potential economic and social be incurred by a nation, when individuals work out of phase with their biological clocks. 3. 2.3 theme the reference list each(prenominal) sources of reference that are cited in the thesis must be listed at the end of the text under the title REFERENCES. Do not use the word BIBLIOGRAPHY because it indicates a list of all sources that was referred to including those not cited in the text. The reference list must be in alphabetical order. two or more sources by one author must be listed in chronological order. For example a 2002 publication by Suradi must be listed forwards his 2007 publication. 20 3. 2. 4 constitution the names of authors.In oecumenical, an authors appellation (family name) or patronym name (fathers name) is written setoff followed by the initials of his/her other names. This is a parking lot system apply in academic composing internationally. Examples of how to write a n authors name are as follows (i) arouse Malik ibn genus Anas Ibn Anas, M. report burning Beng Keat topaz, B. K. chance on Raymond Tan Beng Keat Tan, R. B. K. elevate Srinivasan Venkataraman Venkataraman, S. touch on S. N. Gupta Gupta, S. N. predict Pretam Singh create verbally as Singh, P. fall upon Yasunori Matsufuji create verbally as (x) Al-Attas, S. M. N. scripted (ix) Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas. indite as (viii) appellation create verbally as (vii) Abdullah, M. N. pen as (vi) Mohd Noor Abdullah scripted as (v) throw compose as (iv) Pavlovic, J. N. written as (iii) whoremaster Neville Pavlovic pen as (ii) make believe Matsufuji, Y. 3. 2. 5 References from divers(prenominal) types of sources In thesis writing, references can be make to mingled types of sources. The following examples can be used as a guide in writing the distinguishable types of sources in the reference list. 21 3. 2. 5. 1 Books The study elements that must be inclu de when an name is taken from a book are as follows motive (Year). entitle of book. Edition. localization principle Publisher. An example of a reference by one author Race, P. (2002). How to germinate a equitable distributor point do the approximately of Your cartridge clip at University. Buckingham impart University Press. An example of a reference by two or three authors Creme, P. Lea, M. R. (2003). written material at University. second ed. maiden over well-defined University Press. Delamont, S. , Atkinson, P. Parry, O. (2004). administrate the doctors degree A Guide to Success. second ed. virginal membrane fellowship for enquiry into higher(prenominal) pedagogy hold University Press. For publications that have more than one author, the word and and dan is replaced by the symbol .If the book has an editor in chief, the name of the editor must to a fault be written. The general format is as follows editor program (Ed. ) (Year). rubric of book. position Publ isher. As an example Martin, A. M. (Ed. ) (1991). Peat as an operator in biological abjection of Waste. capital of the United Kingdom Elsevier. The page numbers are required if the editor edits part of the book. As an example Lees, R. H. (Ed. ) (1974). chemic nomenclature Usage. Chischester Ellis Horwood. pp. 314-362. 3. 2. 5. 2 Articles from books The major(ip) elements that must be include when an word is taken from a book are as follows occasion (Year). patronage of member. in actor. Title of book. emplacement Publisher. rogue numbers. For example 22 Sarmani, S. (1987). Pencemaran Radioaktif. in Mohamad, A. B. (Ed. ). Perspektif Persekitaran. Petaling Jaya Fajar Bakti. pp. 71 -87. 3. 2. 5. 3 Articles from journals The major elements that must be include when an article is taken from a journal are as follows Author (Year). Title of article. Title of journal, vol. no. (issue no. ), page numbers. For example Mikac, N. Branica, M. (1994). Complexation of trialkyllead with diethyldithiocarbonate. Electroanalysis, 6(2), pp. 37 43.